“马宝裁定”对澳大利亚土著反殖民化进程的影响  

The Impact of the Mabo Decision on the Anti-colonization Process of the Australian Aborigines

作　　者：汪诗明[1] 李虎平 Shiming Wang;Huping Li

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学政治与国际关系学院,上海200062

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第5期69-82,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

摘　　要：殖民时期,英国以“无主地”的名义占领了包括托雷斯海峡岛屿在内的澳洲土地,并因此建立了对原住民的欺凌统治。1992年6月3日,联邦高等法院对埃迪·马宝等人提起的土地权诉讼案做出终裁,名曰“马宝裁定”。这一裁决让“无主地”论调成为历史笑柄。“无主地”论调的破产标志着土著的反殖民化运动进入一个新阶段:它不仅表明土著及托雷斯海峡岛民是澳大利亚的“第一民族”,而且坚定了他们反殖民化的信念;不仅表明澳大利亚习惯法涵盖土著习惯法,而且意味着土著土地权得到了澳大利亚习惯法的承认;不仅促使政府开始着手全国土著土地权立法工作,而且使得宪法改革被提上议事日程。然而,要想真正地消除强加在土著身上的殖民包袱,澳大利亚还有很长的路要走。During the colonial period,the British occupied the Australian land,including the Torres Strait islands under the name of“terra nullius”,and thus established a bullying rule over the indigenous people.On June 3,1992,the Federal High Court made the final ruling in the land right lawsuit brought by Eddie Mabo and others,known as the“Mabo Decision”.This ruling makes the“terra nullius”argument a historical mockery.The demise of the“terra nullius”argument marked a new stage in the aboriginal anti-colonization movement.It not only demonstrated that the aboriginal people and the Torres Strait islanders were the“first people”of Australia,but also confirmed their belief in anti-colonization;indicated not only that the Australian customary law covered the indigenous customary law,but also that the indigenous land rights were recognized under the Australian customary law;and not only made the government initiate national legislation on the indigenous land rights,but also had constitutional reform put on the agenda.However,Australia still has a long way to go before it can truly remove the colonial burden imposed on the aborigines.

关 键 词：“马宝裁定” “无主地” 土著土地权 反殖民化 宪法承认 

分 类 号：D761.1[政治法律—政治学] D961.1[政治法律—中外政治制度] DD911