苏联亡党亡国的根本原因、教训与启示(上)——写在苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟成立100周年之际  

The Root Causes,Lessons and Implications of the Demise of the Soviet Union and CPSU( Part 1)——Written on the Occasion ofthe 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the USSR

作　　者：李慎明 Li Shenming

机构地区：[1]郑州大学政治与公共管理学院 [2]中国社会科学院世界社会主义研究中心

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2022年第9期60-90,M0006,共32页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托研究专题“资本主义新变化、帝国主义本质和发展趋势及我战略应对”的阶段性成果。课题组组长:李慎明;课题组成员:刘书林、汪亭友、李瑞琴、张树华、樊建新、赵丁琪

摘　　要：苏联亡党亡国的原因是多方面的,从赫鲁晓夫到戈尔巴乔夫领导集团在思想上政治上的蜕化变质是苏联亡党亡国的根本原因,具体表现在八个方面:在信仰上,从动摇、背离、放弃到彻底背叛社会主义、共产主义理想信念;在理论上,从不学、不懂、偏离到最终背离、背叛马克思列宁主义;在政治上,从弱化、歪曲到彻底否定、背叛党的领导和马列主义建党原则;在经济上,从“公有化程度越高越好”到抛弃社会主义公有制、搞全盘私有化;在组织上,从放弃党的工人阶级先锋队性质、任人唯亲、拉帮结派到公开簒夺党的领导权;在作风上,从形式主义、官僚主义到背离、背叛人民群众的根本利益;在外交上,从惧美、争霸到迎合、投降以美国为首的西方帝国主义;在人生观上,从追求个人升迁、小家庭特权享受的个人主义到颠覆党和国家政权的野心家、阴谋家。There are many reasons for the demise of the Soviet Union and CPSU,but the ideological and political degeneration of the leadership group from Khrushchev to Gorbachev is the root cause,which is manifested in eight aspects. In faith,they wavered,deviated from,abandoned and finally completely betrayed socialist and communist ideals. In theory,they failed to learn,did not understand,deviated from and ultimately diverged from and betrayed Marxism-Leninism. Politically,they weakened,distorted and completely denied and forsook the party’s leadership and Marxist-Leninist principles of party development. Economically,they shifted from“the higher the degree of public ownership,the better”to the abandonment of the socialist public ownership system, and engaged in promoting complete privatization. Organizationally, they abandoned the party’s nature of being the vanguard of the working class,practiced cronyism and factionalism,and openly usurped the leadership of the Party. In terms of work style,they engaged in formalism and bureaucracy,deviated from and betrayed the fundamental interests of the people. Diplomatically,they initially feared the United States and strove for hegemony,but later catered to and surrendered to Western imperialism headed by the United States. In terms of outlook on life,they advocated individualism with pursuit of personal promotion and family privileges,and finally became careerists and conspirators who subverted the party and state power.

关 键 词：苏共亡党 苏联解体 赫鲁晓夫 戈尔巴乔夫 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]