城市既改型社区养老服务站改造模式探究——以西安市为例  

Urban Community Service Station for the Aged Reconstructed from Existing Buildings——Take Xi’an as an Example

作　　者：张倩[1] 王沛雨 王芳[1] 石英[1] ZHANG Qian;WANG Peiyu;WANG Fang;SHI Ying

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院

出　　处：《城市环境设计》2022年第1期279-285,共7页Urban Environment Design

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“城市社区老年人日间照料中心空间构成及其复合模式研究”(批准号21YJCZH134);住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目“高龄者‘生活圈’视角下的城市老旧住区公共设施适老化改造及功能提升技术方法研究”(批准号:2018-K2-027)。

摘　　要：将社区存量资源改造为社区养老服务设施,是解决当今城市老年人口大量增长带来的居家社区养老问题的有效途径。通过对西安市400多个城区社区养老服务站的走访,选取其中具有代表性的9个样本案例进行深入研究,从选址、功能配置、规模、改造方式几个方面探究西安市既有建筑改造型社区养老服务站的改造模式及典型问题,发现多数服务站选择的原有建筑类型和位置不适宜改造为养老设施,设施内部功能配置未能与社区老人实际需求很好匹配,全日照料托养服务功能不足,建筑改造方式过于单一,设施内部空间灵活度低。并就这些问题提出相应的优化建议:将社区养老服务站嵌入社区服务中心,布置在住区边界;结合社区老人具体养老需求适宜配置功能与面积配比,适当开拓全日照料床位为社区失能失智老人提供短期托养照护、家庭喘息服务,采用功能重置、空间重组等多种改造方式;组织合理、灵活的功能与空间形式,打通居家养老服务“最后一公里”,营造服务面更广、渗透力更强的社区家门口的养老院。Reconstructing the existing community resources as community service facilities for the aged is an effective approach to solve the problems faced by the aged living at home and in community caused by the substantial increasing urban elderly population.Through visiting more than 400 urban community service stations for the aged in Xi’an,nine representative sample cases were selected for in-depth study.This article explores the reconstruction mode and the typical problems from the site selection,functional configuration,size,reconstruction mode of the urban community service station for the aged reconstructed by existing buildings in Xi’an.It finds that the original existing building types and the site selected by most service stations were not suitable to be reconstructed into the community service station for the aged.The function of the community service station were not well matched with the actual needs of the aged in the community,where whole day care services for the aged were lacked,the way of reconstruction was rigid and the internal space of the station was not flexible.And then this paper provides corresponding optimization suggestions for the above problems:settle the community service station for the aged inside the community service center and arrange at the boundary of the living district,configure the function and area ratio according to the specific needs of the aged in the community;supply whole day care beds with short term care and family respite services for the disabled aged and the dementia aged in the community;organize reasonable and flexible functional and spatial forms by function reset, space reorganization and other reconstruction methods,get through the "last kilometer" of the home-based care service for the aged,set up a home for the aged just in the doorway of the community with extensive service coverage and stronger penetration.

关 键 词：既有建筑改造 社区养老服务站 改造模式 

分 类 号：TU247.9[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]