不同微生物菌剂对旱砂田西瓜生长和微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer on Growth and Microbial Flora of Watermelon in Gravel Mulch Field

作　　者：杜少平[1] 唐超男 马忠明[2] 薛亮[3] 漆永红[4] 张俊峰[1] 蒯佳琳 DU Shaoping;TANG Chaonan;MA Zhongming;XUE Liang;QI Yonghong;ZHANG Junfeng;KUAI Jialin(Institute of Vegetables,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-saving Agricultural,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2022年第10期57-61,共5页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2021GAAS09);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系土壤与养分管理岗位项目(CARS-26);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201304)。

摘　　要：为解决连作旱砂田西瓜植株生长性能、产量品质、根际微生物数量下降的问题,以陇科12号为指示品种,设置常规施肥、常规施肥+西瓜专用菌剂、常规施肥+激活土壤专用菌剂、常规施肥+胶质芽孢杆菌、常规施肥+枯草芽孢杆菌、常规施肥+地衣芽孢杆菌、常规施肥+金宝贝微生物菌剂共7个处理,研究了不同微生物菌剂对旱砂田西瓜出苗与成活率、干物质积累、产量品质和根际微生物区系的影响。结果表明,与对照常规施肥相比,尽管施用微生物菌剂对西瓜果实的含糖量无显著影响,但除常规施肥+激活土壤专用菌剂外,其他微生物菌剂的施用均可以提高西瓜成活率和产量,促进干物质积累,增加西瓜根区微生物数量。其中以常规施肥+地衣芽孢杆菌处理的西瓜出苗率、成活率和产量最高,与对照常规施肥比较,出苗率显著提高7百分点;成活率显著提高了14%;产量显著提高了35.98%。团棵期和开花坐果期的干物质积累量也较对照分别显著增加了28.30%和24.01%,干物质转运量和转运率分别显著增加了3.98倍和3.01倍,根区细菌、真菌和放线菌数量分别显著增加61.07%、84.84%、85.31%。因此,生产上可以常规施肥+地衣芽孢杆菌作为最佳施肥方案,有助于改善旱砂田西瓜根际微生物环境,提高作物产量。In order to solve the problems of watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)plant growth performance,yield quality and rhizosphere microorganism decline in the continuous cropping gravel mulch field.Longke12 was used as the test cultivar and 7 treatments were set up with conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization+watermelon special microbial agent(M1),conventional fertilization+activated soil special microbial agent(M2),conventional fertilization+Bacillus mucilaginosus(M3),conventional fertilization+Bacillus subtilis(M4),conventional fertilization+Bacillus licheniformis(M5),conventional fertilization+Gymboree microbial agent(M6).Based on the local conventional fertilization,the emergence and survival rate,dry matter accumulation,yield quality and rhizosphere microflora of watermelon in a field mulched with gravel were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,although the application of microbial agent had no significant effect on the sugar content of watermelon fruit.However,except M2,the application of other microbial agents could increase the survival rate of watermelon,promote dry matter accumulation,increase yield and the number of microorganisms in watermelon root zone.Among them,the emergence rate,survival rate and yield of watermelon treated with M5 were the highest,which were significantly increased by 7%14%and 35.98%compared with CK,respectively.In addition,compared with CK the dry matter accumulation in the cluster period,flowering and fruiting period,dry matter translocation volume and translocation rate,were significantly increased by 28.30%,24.01%,3.98 times and 3.01 times,respectively,and the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the root zone were also significantly increased by 61.07%,84.84%and 85.31%,respectively.Therefore,conventional fertilization+Bacillus licheniformis(M5)as the best fertilization scheme can help to improve the rhizosphere microbial environment of watermelon ingravel mulch field and to increase crop yield.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 砂田西瓜 产量 品质 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]