城市轨道交通噪声作业人员听力损失风险评估  

Risk assessment of hearing loss of workers caused by urban rail transit noise

作　　者：马炜钰[1] 谭夏优[1] 何易楠 邓颖聪[1] 彭志恒[1] 杜伟佳[1] 刘移民[1] MA Wei-yu;TAN Xia-you;HE Yi-nan;DENG Ying-cong;PWNG Zhi-heng;DU Wei-jia;LIU Yi-min(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2022年第3期302-306,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2022310);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20211A010039);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021—2023年);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函[2019]1555号)。

摘　　要：目的评估城市轨道交通企业工作场所噪声致作业工人听力损失的风险。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择某城市轨道交通企业共8条轨道交通线路的噪声作业工人为研究对象,检测其接触的噪声强度,采用国际标准化组织的方法预测噪声致听力损失的风险。结果该轨道交通企业2016—2018年工作场所噪声超标率为8.3%(175/2101)。区间隧道检修工在预测年龄为40岁、噪声作业工龄为20年时的风险分级为较高风险,在预测年龄为50或60岁、噪声作业工龄为30或40年时的风险分级均为高风险;车站巡检工在预测年龄为50岁、噪声作业工龄为30年时的风险分级为可忽略风险,在预测年龄为60岁、噪声作业工龄为40年时的风险分级为可接受风险;在上述2种预测条件下的风险分级,在车辆段维修工均为中等风险,在驾驶员均为可接受风险。结论该轨道交通企业在运营过程中存在一定程度的噪声危害,发生噪声所致听力损失的风险与程度随噪声作业工龄的增加而升高。Objective To evaluate the risk of hearing loss caused by workplace noise in urban rail transit enterprises.Methods Noise exposed workers from eight rail transit lines in an urban rail transit enterprise was selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method.The noise intensity was detected,and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss was predicted by the method of the International Organization for Standardization.Results The incidence of noise exceeded the standard detection points was 8.3%(175/2101)from 2016 to 2018.For risk classification in interval tunnel repairmen,higher risk was predicted at the age of 40 years old and with the length of service of 20 years,and high risk was predicted at the age of 50 or 60years old with the length of service of 30 or 40 years.The risk classification of station inspector at the predicted age of 50 years old and the predicted age of 30 years was negligible,and it was acceptable at the predicted age of 60 years old and the predicted age of 40 years.The risk grades of maintenance workers in vehicle depot under the above two predicted conditions were medium risk,while the risk classification of drivers under was acceptable risk.Conclusion The rail transit enterprise has a certain degree of noise hazards in the operation process.The risk and degree of hearing loss caused by noise increases with the increase of the length of service.

关 键 词：轨道交通 噪声 作业人员 听力损失 风险评估 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]