非编码区单核苷酸多态性与噪声性听力损失关系研究进展  

Research progress on the relationship between noncoding region of single nucleotide polymorphism and noise-induced hearing loss

作　　者：陈育全[1] 刘移民[1] CHEN Yu-quan;LIU Yi-min(Occupational Diseases Department of Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Guangzhou,Guangdong510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院职业病科,广东广州510620

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2022年第3期337-342,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81470146);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教[2016]27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函[2019]1555号);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发[2011]167号);广州市科技计划项目(202102080077)。

摘　　要：噪声性听力损失(NIHL)是一种严重危害劳动者健康的听力障碍,其是环境与遗传因素共同作用的复杂疾病。单核苷酸多态性(SNP)是最常见的可遗传变异,其与NIHL的发生发展有关联。微小RNA(miRNA)是一种非编码单链小分子RNA,其在耳蜗中大量表达,通过与靶信使RNA(mRNA)的3′-非翻译区结合来对基因进行调控的。miRNA的SNP是最常见的可遗传变异;非编码区SNP可通过导致miRNA募集异常,参与基因表达调控与表型产生的过程,进而影响NIHL的发生发展。NIHL的遗传易感基因包括氧化应激类基因、单基因耳聋基因和热休克蛋白基因等,其非编码区SNP与NIHL易感性存在相关性。miRNA SNP已被证实参与NIHL的发生发展,但不同miRNA SNP与NIHL的相关性存在差异。非编码区SNP通过影响miRNA的表达和功能,进而影响NIHL的易感性。Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)is a hearing disorder that seriously harms the health of workers,and it is a complex disease caused by environmental and genetic factors.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)is the most common genetic variation,which is associated with the occurrence and development of NIHL.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a kind of small non-coding single-stranded RNA,which is highly expressed in the cochlea and regulates genes by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of target messenger RNA(mRNA).SNP of miRNA is the most common genetic variation.SNP in the non-coding region participates in gene expression regulation and phenotype generation by leading to abnormal miRNA recruitment,thereby affecting the occurrence and development of NIHL.The genetic susceptibility genes of NIHL include oxidative stress genes,single gene deafness genes and heat shock protein genes.The SNP in the non-coding region is associated with the susceptibility of NIHL.miRNA SNP has been confirmed to be involved in the development of NIHL,but the correlation between different miRNA SNP and NIHL is different.SNP affects the susceptibility of NIHL by affecting the expression and function of miRNA.

关 键 词：噪声 听力损失 非编码区 单核苷酸多态性 微小RNA 基因 相关性 研究进展 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]