新医改下我国促进罕见病药品可及性的激励政策体系及其影响分析  

Incentive Policy System and Its Impact Analysis on Promoting the Accessibility of Orphan Drugs in China

作　　者：赵宇航 黄锐[1] 王青婷 徐家童 张雯雯 龚时薇[1] ZHAO Yuhang;HUANG Rui;WANG Qingting;XU Jiatong;ZHANG Wenwen;GONG Shiwei(School of Pharmacy,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院药学院,武汉430030

出　　处：《医药导报》2022年第12期1771-1776,共6页Herald of Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70903025,71373089)。

摘　　要：目的了解新医改下我国建立的促进罕见病药品可及性的政策体系及其实施效果。方法总结我国促进罕见病药品可及性的激励政策体系,采用世界卫生组织发布的药品可获得性和可负担性的评价指标,分析现行的政策体系对我国罕见病患者用药可及性的影响程度。结果截至2021年,我国颁布了至少15项关于促进我国罕见病药品可及性的激励和优惠政策。自从2018年罕见病目录发布到2021年底,我国有药可治的罕见病比例增长41.3%,治疗药品数量增长80.7%。在我国上市的167个罕见病治疗药品中,由公立医院省级集中招标平台采购的比例达到95.2%,国家基本医疗保险药品目录覆盖率73.1%。2021年在2020年呈现灾难性支出的18个罕见病治疗药品的平均家庭灾难性支出降低8.33倍。结论我国现行的新医改罕见病药品可及性的激励政策明显提高罕见病药品的可获得性和可负担性,但提高罕见病药品的可负担性仍然是医疗改革面临的难点问题。Objective To understand the current policy system to promote the accessibility of orphan drugs for rare diseases under the new medical reform and its implementation effect in China.Methods The incentive policy system for promoting the accessibility of orphan drugs in China was summarized,and the evaluation indicators of drug availability and affordability issued by the World Health Organization were used to analyze the impact of the current policy system on the accessibility of orphan drugs.Results As of 2021,the government of China has issued at least 15 incentives and preferential policies to promote the accessibility of orphan drugs in China.Since the release of China's rare disease list in 2018 to the end of 2021,the proportion of rare diseases that can be treated with drugs in China has increased by 41.3%,and the number of therapeutic drugs has increased by 80.7%.Among the 167 therapeutic drugs for rare diseases on the market in China,95.2%are procured by the provincial centralized bidding platform of public hospitals,and the national basic medical insurance drug catalog coverage rate is 73.1%.Average household catastrophic spending decreased by 8.33 times in 2021 for the 18 orphan drugs that presented catastrophic spending in 2020.Conclusion Current new medical reform incentive policies for the accessibility of orphan drugs have significantly improved the availability and affordability of orphan drugs in China.However,improving the affordability of orphan drugs remains a problematic issue in healthcare reform.

关 键 词：罕见病药品 新医改 激励政策 可及性 

分 类 号：R956[医药卫生—药学]