创新社会互助:中国现代互助保障的发展理路  

Innovating Social Mutuality:The Development ofModern Mutual-aid Security in China

作　　者：刘妮娜 何浩天 LIU Ni-na;HE Hao-tian(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102206 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《山东行政学院学报》2022年第6期112-120,共9页Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略”(21ZDA106);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2022FR002)。

摘　　要：中国现代互助保障是在党委领导、政府负责下,由企业、社会组织等运营,群团组织、基层自治组织、其他枢纽型社会组织等监管,以互助小组及其联合为组织特点,形成互助基金,为成员提供相互保险、资金互助、网络互助等服务活动的非营利性社会保障方式。它既是社会保障体系的组成部分,也是社会互助的高级形式,兼具保障和治理的双重作用。中华人民共和国成立后运行的现代互助保障缺乏国家、社会、市场的合作推动,发展较为缓慢。未来发展方向为:通过国家领导下的组织与市场的合作制衡,不断提高各类相互保险、资金互助、网络互助组织(小组)的规范化、互助合作化程度以及可持续运转能力,拓展托幼、养老、医疗、体育等其他福利服务,增强互助保障的稳定性和实用性。具体对策建议包括:完善顶层设计法律法规机制,强化组织监管机制,着力培育社会共同体、共同富裕和互助保障观念,明确建立互助保障制度的国家、社会、市场共同责任等。China’s modern mutual-aid security is a non-profit social security mode operated by enterprises,social organizations and government under the leadership of the party committee,characterized by mutual-aid groups and their combinations,forming a mutual fund to provide members with various services.It is not only an important component of the social security system,but also an advanced form of mutual-aid,which plays a dual role in security and governance.The modern mutual-aid security developed slowly due to the lack of cooperation among the country,society and market.To enhance the stability and practicality of mutual assistance security through the cooperation and balance between organizations and markets under the leadership of the state,China’s modern mutual-aid security should develop in this way:Constantly standardize various mutual insurance,mutual fund,and network mutual-aid cooperation,improve its sustainable operation ability,expand other welfare services such as childcare,elderly care,medical treatment,sports,and so on.Therefore,the following measures should be adopted:Improving top design on laws and regulations mechanism,strengthening organizational supervision mechanism,clarifying the joint responsibility of the state,society and market,and focus on cultivating the social mutual-aid values.

关 键 词：互助保障 相互保险 资金互助 网络互助 互助组织 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学] F842.6[政治法律—中外政治制度]