外泌体在乙肝病毒传播及其相关免疫反应中的研究进展  

Research progress of exosomes in hepatitis B virus transmission and its associated immune response

作　　者：李娜(综述) 王丹(审校)[2] LI Na;WANG Dan(Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010050;Department of Urology,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010050,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学研究生院,呼和浩特010050 [2]内蒙古医科大学附属医院泌尿外科,呼和浩特010050

出　　处：《临床与病理杂志》2022年第11期2837-2842,共6页Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划项目(202201304)。

摘　　要：乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染呈世界性流行,是一种以破坏肝细胞,引起肝炎为主要特征的乙类传染性疾病。外泌体(exosomes,EXOs)是一种携带核酸和蛋白质等多种生物活性物质、具有磷脂双分子层结构的细胞外小囊泡,可由各种细胞分泌合成,故广泛存在于多种体液中。其独特的发生和释放过程与机体免疫反应、细胞迁移、细胞分化和肿瘤侵袭等密切相关。近年来相关研究表明HBV感染患者的肝细胞释放出的大量EXOs可促进肝炎、肝纤维化和血管生成。该机制是促进乙型病毒性肝炎进展的重要病理生理学过程。由此可知EXOs在HBV传播及相关免疫反应中发挥重要作用。因此,对EXOs与HBV的深入研究可为乙型病毒性肝炎的诊断治疗及临床药物研发提供新的诊疗思路及科学的理论指导。Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a worldwide epidemic and is a group B infectious disease characterized by the destruction of liver cells and inflammation of the liver.Exosomes(EXOs)are small extracellular vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer structure that carry a variety of biologically active substances,including nucleic acids and proteins.They can be secreted and synthesized by various cells and are widely present in a variety of body fluids.Its unique occurrence and release process are closely related to the body’s immune response,cell migration,cell differentiation and tumor invasion.Recent studies have shown that the release of large amounts of EXOs from hepatocytes of HBV-infected patients can promote hepatitis,hepatic fibrosis and angiogenesis,which is an important pathobiological process that promotes the progression of hepatitis B.Therefore,it can be seen that EXOs play an important role in the transmission of HBV and related immune responses.For this reason,an in-depth study of EXOs and HBV can provide new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas and scientific guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis B and clinical drug development.

关 键 词：外泌体 乙型肝炎 乙型肝炎病毒 免疫调节 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学]