算法机器与资本控制:劳动过程理论视域下的平台劳资关系与资本积累  

Algorithmic Machine and Capital Control:An Examination of Labor-capital Relations on Platforms and Capital Accumulation from Labor Process Theory Perspective

作　　者：徐景一[1] Xu Jingyi

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2022年第3期32-39,共8页Socialism Studies

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代中国民营企业劳动关系协调机制创新研究”(18BKS086);2019年度教育部人文社会科学研究项目“以人民为中心视域下高质量发展研究”(19JD710048);2020年度吉林大学劳动关系专项研究课题“劳动过程理论视域下的新时代平台企业劳动关系协调路径研究”(2020LD009);2021年度吉林大学马克思主义学院培育项目“高质量发展视域下平台企业劳动关系治理路径研究”(JDMY2021-313)。

摘　　要：梳理马克思劳动过程理论发现,技术分工—资本控制研究框架是分析、解释资本主义劳动过程、劳资关系、资本积累形式变化的重要依据。应用劳动过程理论框架对U平台的劳动过程研究后发现,在平台资本垄断算法机器与主导网络化生产的条件下,资本利用意识形态规范、技术监控与直接控制管理策略对雇佣劳动进行隐蔽深刻的控制,这种控制导致劳动与资本之间的权力、利益关系失衡。自微观劳动过程至宏观生产体制,技术进步动态运动促进了劳动过程的演进变化,劳动过程的创新形式引起劳资关系的变化,劳资关系变化具体形式通过经济与社会关系再生产,重塑资本与国家、资本与资本之间的关系,最终生成新的资本积累体系。基于算法技术,平台资本不仅控制劳动过程、主导劳资关系,更改变了产业间传统界限、形塑其他产业资本对其依附关系,重构经济社会格局,最终建构和加快平台资本的积累与集中。Bycombing with Marxism’s labor process theory,we can find that the research framework of technological division of labor-capital control is an important basis for analyzing and explaining the changes of capitalist labor process,labor relations and capital accumulation forms.Applying the framework of Labor Process Theory to study the labor process of U platform,it is found that under the condition of platform capital monopoly algorithm machine and dominant network production,capital uses ideological norms,technology monitoring and direct control management strategies to exert subtle and profound control over hired labor,which leads to the imbalance of power and interests between platform labor and capital.From the micro-labor process to the macro-production system,the dynamic movement of technological progress promotes the evolution of labor process,and the innovation form of labor process causes the change of labor-capital relationship,the specific forms of the changes in industrial relations are embedded in the reproduction of economic and social relations,reshaping the relations between capital and the state,and between capital and capital,resulting in a new capital accumulation system.Based on algorithmic technology,platform capital not only controls the labor process,dominates the labor-capital relations,changes the traditional industrial boundary,forms the other industrial capital to its dependence relations,reconstructs the economic and social pattern,It finally build and accelerate the accumulation and concentration of platform capital.

关 键 词：劳动过程 算法技术 劳资关系 资本积累 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F014[经济管理—政治经济学]