农村宅基地“三权分置”改革中的管制改革研究——以产权管制理论为分析视角  

Research on the Regulation Reform in the Reform of "Separation of Three Rights"of Rural Homestead——From the Perspective of Property Rights Regulation Theory

作　　者：张少停 马华 Zhang Shaoting;Ma Hua

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学马克思主义学院 [2]郑州轻工业大学新时代思想政治教育研究中心 [3]山西大学马克思主义学院 [4]山西大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2022年第3期120-127,共8页Socialism Studies

基　　金：2020年度河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“产权视角下农村土地制度改革路径研究”(2020BZZ011);2022年度河南省软科学研究项目“乡村振兴视域下河南省新型职业农民培育路径研究”(ZZZ400410127)。

摘　　要：农村宅基地“三权分置”改革能够加速土地、人口等要素在城乡之间的流动,从而有效促进城乡融合发展,成为乡村振兴的重要驱动力。在社会快速发展的过程中,中国农村宅基地经济价值显化引发了保障与财产的属性之争,这也成为理解农村宅基地制度改革徘徊不前的重要维度。两权分离下农村宅基地所有权和使用权都受到国家的严格管制,所有权不能买卖,使用权不得流转,农村宅基地制度实践中困难重重:主体虚置、审批空转、管理缺位、成员资格权混乱、宅基地大量闲置、违法用地现象普遍等。宅基地“三权分置”理论将宅基地产权细化为所有权、资格权和使用权,为农村宅基地制度改革提供了具有内在张力的制度空间。从产权管制的理论视角看,农村宅基地制度改革需要通过加强宅基地所有权和资格权的国家管制,以落实集体所有权和保障农户资格权;适当放松闲置宅基地使用权的国家管制,通过宅基地整治和再利用提高土地利用综合效率;加快放松城中村、城郊村和经济发达村宅基地使用权的国家管制,建立城乡统一的建设用地市场,真正激活农民“沉睡”的资本,并破解宅基地违法用地和小产权房难题。The reform of "separation of the three rights" for rural homestead can accelerate the flow of land,population and other factors between urban and rural areas,thus effectively promotes the integrated development of urban and rural areas and becomes an important driving force for rural revitalization.In the process of the rapid development of society,the economic value of rural homestead has triggered the dispute between security and property,which has become an important dimension to understand the lingering reform of rural homestead system.Under the separation of the two rights,the ownership and using right of rural homestead are strictly controlled by the state.The ownership can not be bought and sold,and the using right can not be transferred.There are many difficulties in the practice of rural homestead system:the main body is empty,the examination and approval are idle,the management is absent,the membership right is chaotic,a large number of homesteads are idle,and the use of illegal land is common.The theory of "separation of three rights" of homestead divides the property right of homestead into ownership right,qualification right and using right,which provides the institutional space with internal tension for the reform of rural homestead system.From the perspective of property rights regulation theory,the reform of rural homestead system needs to strengthen the state control of homestead ownership and qualification right,so as to implement collective ownership and protect farmers’ qualification right.Appropriately relaxing the state control on the right to use idle homestead,and improving the comprehensive efficiency of the use of land through the renovation and reuse of homestead.We should accelerate the relaxation of state controls over the using right of homestead in urban villages,suburban villages and economically developed villages,establish a unified urban and rural construction land market,truly activate the sleeping capital of the farmers,and solve the problems of the use of the illegal land i

关 键 词：农村宅基地 “三权分置” 产权管制 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]