畜禽养殖业中磺胺类药物对农田土壤的影响及降解措施研究进展  

Research progress on effects of sulfonamides on farmland soil and degradation measures in livestock and poultry industry

作　　者：秦立得 张小雨 赵思俊[1] 李陆梅 李木子 宋翠平[1] QIN Lide;ZHANG Xiaoyu;ZHAO Sijun;LI Lumei;LI Muzi;SONG Cuiping(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,China;Institute of Veterinary Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266114,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]山西农业大学动物医学学院,山西晋中030801 [3]青岛易邦生物工程有限公司,山东青岛266114

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第20期25-30,35,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：青岛市科技惠民专项“食品中化学危害物筛查监测及应急检测技术平台的建立”(18-6-107-nsh)。

摘　　要：磺胺类药物在畜禽养殖业被广泛使用,大部分以原型药物或代谢物的形式随尿液和粪便排到体外,并随着粪污加工成的肥料进入农田土壤中。磺胺类药物可在农田土壤中长期存在,发生迁移和转化,对土壤中的微生物、植物等造成影响。此外,土壤中残留的磺胺类药物增加了对细菌和耐药基因的选择压力,导致耐药性细菌和耐药基因的富集与扩散,威胁公共卫生安全。目前利用生物降解法、高级氧化工艺法、人工湿地法、生物电化学系统法和膜生物反应器法等可实现对畜禽粪污中磺胺类药物的有效降解。笔者简要概述了磺胺类药物对农田土壤环境造成的影响,以及粪污中磺胺类药物的降解方法研究进展,以期为今后畜禽粪污磺胺类药物降解提供理论依据。Sulfonamides are widely used in the livestock and poultry industry. Most of them are excreted in urine and feces in the form of prototype drugs or metabolites, before entering the farmland soil with the fertilizer processed from the feces. Sulfonamides can exist in farmland soil for a long time. They can also migrate and transform, and affect microorganisms and plants in the soil. In addition, the residual sulfonamides in the soil increase the selective pressure on bacteria and drug-resistant genes, leading to the enrichment and spread of drug-resistant bacteria and drug-resistant genes, threatening the safety of public health. At present, methods such as biodegradation method, advanced oxidation process method, constructed wetland method, bioelectrochemical system and membrane bioreactor can achieve effective degradation of sulfonamides in livestock and poultry manure. The effects of sulfonamides on farmland soil environment and the research progress of degradation methods of sulfonamides in feces were briefly reviewed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the degradation of sulfonamides in livestock manure in the future.

关 键 词：磺胺类药物 农田 土壤 耐药基因 粪污 微生物 降解 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]