新疆部分地区犊牛腹泻主要病原调查及分离菌耐药性分析  

Investigation on main pathogens of calf diarrhea in some areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and analysis of drug resistance of the isolates

作　　者：吴静 刘涵棋 白婷 王凡 杨朝辉 冯梦迪 易鹏飞 陈玉珠 苏战强[1] 钟旗[2] 姚刚[1] 赵红琼[1] 马雪连 WU Jing;LIU Hanqi;BAI Ting;WANG Fan;YANG Chaohui;FENG Mengdi;YI Pengfei;CHEN Yuzhu;SU Zhanqiang;ZHONG Qi;YAO Gang;ZHAO Hongqiong;MA Xuelian(College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Veterinary Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆畜牧科学院兽医研究所,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第20期86-92,143,共8页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆草食动物重要病原防控研究创新团队项目(2020D14005);科技厅乡村振兴项目“‘肉牛母-犊一体化保健技术’在肉牛养殖产业中的示范推广”“博州肉牛犊牛腹泻主要病因筛查及粪菌移植防治犊牛腹泻技术(FMT-D)在新疆汗庭牧元的转化与推广应用”(2020NC001,202113563);新疆草食动物新药研究与创制重点实验室项目(XJ-KLNDSCHA)。

摘　　要：为了调查新疆不同地区犊牛腹泻主要病原的流行情况,试验采用PCR/RT-PCR、细菌分离鉴定对乌鲁木齐市、塔城地区、伊犁州、喀什地区的7个规模化牛场443份腹泻样本进行了腹泻主要病原[牛冠状病毒(Bovine coronavirus,BCV)、牛诺如病毒(Bovine norovirus,BNoV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)、牛轮状病毒(Bovine rotavirus,BRV)、大肠杆菌O157:H7(E.coli O157:H7)、产志贺毒素大肠杆菌(STEC)]的检测及常见致病菌的药敏试验。结果表明:四个地区BCV、BNoV、BVDV、BRV、STEC、E.coli O157:H7的阳性率分别为28.89%、11.74%、3.39%、0.90%、17.83%、0.23%。乌鲁木齐市检出BCV、BNoV和STEC三种病原,其中BCV的检出率显著高于BNoV和STEC(P<0.05);塔城地区检出BCV、BNoV和BRV三种病毒性病原,BNoV检出率显著高于BRV(P<0.05);伊犁州仅检出少量BNoV和E.coli O157:H7;喀什地区检出BCV、BNoV、BVDV、BRV和STEC五种病原,其中BCV和STEC检出率显著高于BNoV、BVDV、BRV(P<0.05)。BCV+BNoV混合感染率为10.05%(20/199);而BCV+STEC混合感染率最高,为62.26%(33/53)。分离菌STEC对阿莫西林、环丙沙星和头孢吡肟的敏感率较高,对克林霉素的耐药率较高,对青霉素完全耐药。说明引起新疆四个地区犊牛腹泻的主要病原为BCV、BNoV和STEC,阿莫西林、环丙沙星及头孢吡肟可作为防治该地区细菌性犊牛腹泻的敏感药物。In order to investigate the prevalence of the main pathogens(Bovine coronavirus [BCV], Bovine norovirus [BNoV], Bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV], Bovine rotavirus [BRV], Escherichia coli O157:H7 [E. coli O157: H7],Shiga-Toxin Escherichia coli [STEC]) of calf diarrhea in different areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PCR/RT-PCR and bacterial isolation and identification were used in the experiment to detect the main pathogens of diarrhea and the drug susceptibility test of common pathogens in 443 diarrhea samples from seven large-scale cattle farms in Urumqi City, Tacheng area, Yili Prefecture and Kashi area. The results showed that the detection rates of BCV, BNoV, BVDV, BRV, STEC and E. coli O157: H7 in the four areas were 28.89%, 11.74%, 3.39%, 0.90%, 17.83% and 0.23%, respectively. Three pathogens, BCV, BNoV and STEC were detected in Urumqi City, and the detection rate of BCV was significantly higher than those of BNoV and STEC(P<0.05). Three viral pathogens, BCV, BNoV and BRV were detected in Tacheng area, and the detection rate of BNoV was significantly higher than that of BRV(P<0.05). Only a small amount of BNoV and E. coli O157: H7 were detected in Yili Prefecture. Five pathogens including BCV, BNoV, BVDV, BRV and STEC were detected in Kashi area, among which the detection rate of BCV and STEC was significantly higher than those of BNoV, BVDV, BRV(P<0.05). The mixed infection rate of BCV+BNoV was 10.05%(20/199);while the mixed infection rate of BCV+STEC was the highest, 62.26%(33/53). The isolated STEC was highly sensitive to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefepime, highly resistant to clindamycin and completely resistant to penicillin. The results suggested BCV, BNoV and STEC were the main pathogens causing calf diarrhea in four areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefepime could be used as sensitive drugs for the prevention and treatment of bacterial calf diarrhea in those areas.

关 键 词：犊牛 腹泻 流行病学调查 病毒性病原 细菌性病原 药敏试验 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学] S852.6[农业科学—兽医学]