不同药剂对拱棚西瓜根结线虫的防效及对土壤环境的影响  

Effect of Different Nematicides on Control of Watermelon Root-knot Nematode in Arch Shed and Soil Environment

作　　者：张伯虎 朱雪荣 孟延 问亚军 张永民 张盈科 张锋 王佳哲 ZHANG Bohu;ZHU Xuerong;MENG Yan;WEN Yajun;ZHANG Yongmin;ZHANG Yingke;ZHANG Feng;WANG Jiazhe(Weinan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Weinan Shaanxi 714000 China;Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology,Xi’an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南市农业科学研究院,陕西渭南714000 [2]陕西省生物农业研究所,陕西省植物线虫学重点实验室,西安710043

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第12期1646-1653,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：为了筛选对拱棚西瓜根结线虫高效且对环境友好的药剂,比较碳酸氢铵、石灰氮、棉隆、阿维菌素b2、噻唑膦的防治效果及对土壤环境效应。结果表明,棉隆对根结线虫的防效最好,为86.40%,碳酸氢铵、石灰氮和阿维菌素b2防效次之,分别为76.32%、73.43%、71.66%,噻唑膦防效最低,为61.51%;西瓜保产率棉隆最高,为53.08%。碳酸氢铵、石灰氮处理显著提高土壤铵态氮的含量,分别比对照增加170.73%、142.10%。噻唑膦提高土壤速效磷的含量,比对照增加48.07%。碳酸氢铵、石灰氮、棉隆处理后的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、脱氢酶活性都表现出先减少后增加的趋势。阿维菌素b2药剂处理对土壤微生物数量和酶活性影响不显著。噻唑膦药剂处理后对土壤真菌数量表现出先增加后减少趋势,放线菌数量表现出增加的趋势。收获期,棉隆处理的土壤细菌比对照减少46.08%,噻唑膦药剂处理的土壤对放线菌比对照增加28.32%。综上所述,棉隆对根结线虫的防治效果及田间保产率最好,石灰氮、碳酸氢铵能显著提高速效氮的含量,阿维菌素b2对环境友好。根据氮肥使用和田间发病情况,可选择棉隆、石灰氮、阿维菌素b2药剂防治拱棚西瓜根结线虫。In order to screen the effective and environment-friendly nematicides against watermelon root-knot nematodes in arch sheds,the control effects of ammonium bicarbonate,lime nitrogen,dazomet,abamectin b2 and thiazophosphine,and soil environmental effects were compared.The results showed that the control effect of dazomet was 86.40%,which was significantly higher than all the other nematicides.Ammonium bicarbonate,lime nitrogen and abamectin b2 had the second highest level to control root knot nematodes,with control rate of 76.32%,73.43%and 71.66%,respectively.Thiazophosphine had the lowest control effect on root-knot nematodes,being 61.51%.The final yield of watermelon increased by 53.08%under treatment of dazomet.Compared with the control,ammonium bicarbonate and lime nitrogen significantly increased the ammonium nitrogen in the soil by 170.73%and 142.10%,respectively,thiazophosphine increased the available phosphorus in the soil by 48.07%.The number of bacterias,fungi,actinomycetes,and the activities of catalase,urease,dehydrogenase in the soil showed a decreasing trend first and then increasing trend after it was treated with ammonium bicarbonate,lime nitrogen and dazomet.While the number of soil fungi showed increasing trend first and then decreasing trend after it was treated with thiazophosphine,but the number of actinomycetes showed a constantly increasing trend.At the maturation stage,the number of soil bacteria decreased by 46.08%compared with the control after it was treated with dazomet;the number of actinomycetes increased by 28.32%compared with the control after it was treated with thiazophosphine.In conclusion,dazomet has the best control effect against nematicides and can ensure production yield,ammonium bicarbonate and lime nitrogen can increase the content of available nitrogen in soil,and abamectin b2 is more friendly to the environment.According to the use of nitrogen fertilizer and the incidence of field disease,dazomet,lime nitrogen and abamectin b2 can be chosen as the nematicide to control wa

关 键 词：西瓜根结线虫 药剂 防治效果 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]