丛枝菌根真菌与植物共生影响植物水分状态的研究进展  

Research Progress of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Symbiosis Affecting Plant Water Regime

作　　者：蒲子天 张林[2] 张弛 王红 王鑫鑫[3,4,5,6] PU Zitian;ZHANG Lin;ZHANG Chi;WANG Hong;WANG Xinxin(College of Resources and Environment Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of National North Mountainous Area,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Hebei Mountain Research Institute,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001 [4]河北省山区农业技术创新中心,河北保定071001 [5]河北农业大学河北省山区研究所,河北保定071001 [6]农业农村部华北节水农业重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第5期882-889,共8页Soils

基　　金：华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主课题(NCCIR2021ZZ-18);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901001);河北省重点研发计划项目(21327005D)资助。

摘　　要：丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能与宿主植物形成共生体,广泛存在于陆地生态系统中。大量研究表明,不同水分条件下,植物通过接种AMF比未接种AMF的植物具有更强的水分吸收能力和更高的水分利用效率。同时在干旱胁迫与盐胁迫下,接种AMF能有效提高宿主植物的耐旱性与耐盐性。本文综述了不同水分条件下,AMF与植物共生通过扩大植物根系吸收面积、改善根系结构,增强植物根系吸收水分能力的相关研究进展。土壤中根外菌丝网络的形成,不但为植物增加了水分吸收途径(菌根途径),还通过改善植物体内的矿质营养来调节植物对水分的吸收,进而影响植物的水分吸收状况;不同水分条件下,根系被AMF侵染后植物的光合作用、蒸腾作用以及气孔导度都得到增强,植物蒸腾作用的增强能够直接有效地提升植物的蒸腾拉力,因此植物对水分的吸收能力得以提升。同时,被AMF侵染的植物的水分利用率、蒸腾速率以及净光合速率得以提升从而提高了植物的水分利用能力。进一步总结了缺水胁迫(干旱胁迫、盐胁迫)严重影响植物体内的水分状况,通过接种AMF可以有效调节植物在缺水胁迫下植物体内渗透调节物质的含量、抗氧化酶的活性,平衡植物体内离子平衡,提升植物光合、蒸腾作用水平,从而提高植物的耐胁迫能力。本文通过综述不同水分条件下,AMF影响植物水分状况和抗盐性机制的研究,以期为菌根互作对植物水分状况的改善提供参考。Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)can form symbionts with host plants and are widely found in terrestrial ecosystems.A large number of studies have shown that plants inoculated with AMF have stronger water absorption capacity and higher water use efficiency than plants not inoculated with AMF under different water conditions.Under drought and salt stress,AMF inoculation can effectively improve the drought and salt tolerances of host plants.This paper summarizes the research progresses of AMF,which is symbiotic with plants and can enhance the water absorption capacity of plant roots by enlarging root absorption area and improving root structure under different water conditions.The formation of extra-root hyphae networks in soil not only adds a new water absorption pathway(mycorrhizal pathway)to plants,but also regulates the water absorption by improving the mineral nutrition in plants,thus affecting the water absorption status of plants.Under different water conditions,the photosynthesis,transpiration and stomatal conductance of plants are all enhanced after AMF infection of roots.The enhancement of transpiration can directly and effectively improve the transpiration force of plants,thereby improving the absorption capacity of plants to water.At the same time,AMF inoculation can improve the water use efficiency,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of plants,and improve the water use capacity of plants.Further,this paper reviews the serious influence of water stress(including drought and salt stresses)on plant water status,and inoculating AMF can improve the stress tolerance of plants by effectively adjusting the content of osmotic regulation substances in plants under water stress,the activity of antioxidant enzymes,the balance of ions in plants,and by enhancing the levels of plant photosynthesis and transpiration.This paper also discusses the research frontiers on the effects of AMF on water status and salt resistance of plants under different water conditions in order to provide theoretical reference fo

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 根系 盐胁迫 干旱胁迫 水分状况 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]