六盘水市烟田土壤有效硅含量与空间分布特征  

Contents and Spatial Distribution of Soil Available Silicon of Tobacco Fields in Liupanshui City

作　　者：王仕海 张崇德 杨文钢 尚军 李长权 王忠宇 孔祥镇 李德成[2] WANG Shihai;ZHANG Chongde;YANG Wengang;SHANG Jun;LI Changquan;WANG Zhongyu;KONG Xiangzhen;LI Decheng(Liupanshui Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Liupanshui,Guizhou 553000,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司六盘水市公司,贵州六盘水553000 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第5期945-949,共5页Soils

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目(2021XM20)资助。

摘　　要：为了掌握六盘水市烟田土壤有效硅含量与空间分布,指导硅肥合理施用,于2020年烤烟移栽和施肥前,在六盘水市钟山、盘州和水城3个烟区分别采集100、220和180个烟田耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品,测定土壤有效硅含量,评价其丰缺情况,并绘制有效硅含量空间分布图,分析其空间分布特征。结果表明:3个烟区烟田土壤有效硅含量介于18.86~754.71 mg/kg,平均含量介于260.88~403.80 mg/kg,均属高级别(≥150 mg/kg);3个烟区高硅烟田占比介于83.33%~99.09%;有效硅含量由西向东呈降低趋势,低硅烟田(<100 mg/kg,仅占1.4%)集中分布于水城烟区的中部。有效硅含量与p H(P<0.01)、有机质含量(P<0.05)和黏粒含量(P<0.05)之间均呈显著正相关,与粉粒含量之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。因此,六盘水市绝大部分烟田不需施用硅肥,但对缺硅的烟田可考虑施用硅肥或通过改酸和提升土壤有机质等措施以提升土壤中硅素的有效性。To assess the current contents and spatial distribution soil available silicon(Si)in tobacco fields in Liupanshui City to guide the rational application of Si fertilizer,100,220 and 180 topsoil samples(0–20 cm)of tobacco fields before the transplanting and fertilization of tobacco were collected from Zhongshan,Shuicheng and Panzhou,the three tobacco regions in Liupanshui City in March of 2020.Soil available Si contents were determined and their abundance or deficiency was assessed according to the grade standard for tobacco-planting suitability,the maps of soil available Si content and grade were drawn on the ArcGIS platform and its spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that in the three tobacco regions,soil available Si content ranged from 18.86 to 754.71 mg/kg,the mean content ranged from 260.88 to 403.80 mg/kg,all belonging to the high grade(≥150 mg/kg).The fields with high Si content in the three regions accounted for 83.33%–99.09%of their total number of tobacco fields.Spatially,soil available Si content generally decreased from west to east in the whole city,and the fields with the low available Si content(<100 mg/kg,only 1.4%of the total number of tobacco fields)concentrated in the central of Shuicheng.Soil available Si content had significant positive correlation with pH(P<0.01),organic matter content and clay contents(P<0.05),but a significant negative correlation with silt content(P<0.05).Therefore,most tobacco fields in Liupanshui City do not need applying Si fertilizer,but for the tobacco fields insufficient in Si,the measures should be taken such as applying Si fertilizer or modifying soil acidity and increasing soil organic matter content to increase Si bioavailability in soils.

关 键 词：烟田 有效硅 含量 空间分布 六盘水 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]