渤海稠油油田热采井硫化氢生成机制探究  

Formation Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide in Thermal Recovery Wells of Bohai Offshore Heavy Oilfield

作　　者：肖洒[1] 刘亚琼 蔡俊 孙玉豹[1] 王少华[1] 蔡依娜[1] XIAO Sa;LIU Yaqiong;CAI Jun;SUN Yubao;WANG Shaohua;CAI Yina(Oilfield Services Limited,CNOOC,Tianjin,300459,China)

机构地区：[1]中海油田服务股份有限公司,天津300459

出　　处：《新疆石油天然气》2022年第4期38-43,共6页Xinjiang Oil & Gas

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”子课题“规模化多元热流体热采工程技术示范”(2016ZX05058-003-009);天津市科技领军企业认定及重大项目“海上中深层特稠油热采关键技术研究及应用”(20YDLZCG00190)。

摘　　要：H_(2)S的产生对海上油田现场作业人员和设备的安全均会带来巨大的隐患,为了确定海上稠油热采井H_(2)S的来源,开展了热采开发中H_(2)S的生成机制探究实验。分别对稠油、稠油+蒸馏水、稠油+水+岩心+甲烷三种反应体系开展了不同温度下生成H_(2)S的模拟实验研究,并对磺酸盐类表面活性剂进行了高温条件下生成H_(2)S实验。结果表明,对于渤海S油田稠油,稠油热裂解和水热裂解产生H_(2)S随着反应温度的升高,生成的H_(2)S浓度逐渐增加,有机气体产量均以C5以下的轻烃气体为主,含有少量C^(6+)气体。稠油水热裂解反应引起了稠油组分变化,稠油的胶质和沥青质含量降低,饱和组分和芳香组分的含量升高,且随着反应温度升高愈加明显。对所研究的混合体系,在200~300℃下,水热裂解、硫酸盐热化学还原(TSR)占据主导地位,是主要的H_(2)S来源;温度达到350℃,稠油裂解和TSR反应占据主导地位。同时研究发现磺酸盐表活剂因其高温不稳定性等原因在高温条件下易产生H_(2)S,建议在热采中减少磺酸盐表面活性剂的伴蒸汽使用。Formation of H_(2)S will bring great potential hazard to the safety of personnel and equipment in offshore oil fields.In order to determine the source of H_(2)S in offshore heavy oil thermal recovery wells,the formation mechanism of H_(2)S during thermal recovery development was investigated by conducting experiments.Simulated experimental study on the formation of H_(2)S at different temperatures was carried out for the three reactions systems of heavy oil,heavy oil+distilled water,and heavy oil+water+core+methane.Besides,experiment was also conducted on the formation of H_(2)S at high temperatures for sulfonate surfactant.The results show that for the heavy oil of Bohai S Oilfield,the concentration of H_(2)S produced by the cracking and aquathermolysis of heavy oil increases with the increase in reaction temperature,and the organic gas produced is mostly the gas of light hydrocarbons below C5,with a small amount of C^(6+) gas.The aquathermolysis of heavy oil has caused the change in heavy oil composition.The contents of resin and asphaltene in heavy oil decrease,while the contents of saturated and aromatic components increase.This phenomenon becomes more obvious with the increase in reaction temperature.For the mixed system under study,at 200~300℃,aquathermolysis and TSR are dominant,which are the main sources of H_(2)S;when the temperature reaches 350℃,cracking and TSR become dominant.At the same time,it is also found that it is very easy for sulfonate surfactant to produce H_(2)S at high temperatures due to its instability at high temperatures.It is recommended that the use of sulfonate surfactant in the presence of steam be minimized in thermal recovery.

关 键 词：硫化氢 硫酸盐热化学还原 水热裂解反应 磺酸盐表面活性剂 稠油热采 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]