北方地区不同季节半封闭猪舍环境条件对生长猪饮水量和生产性能的影响  

Effects of Environmental Conditions on Drinking Water and Performance of Growing Pigs in Semi-Closed Piggery in Different Seasons in Northern China

作　　者：邹雨虹 陆妍 臧建军[1] ZOU Yuhong;LU Yan;ZANG Jianjun(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第11期6971-6983,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划(199A7310H);中国农业大学URP项目(X2021100190356);横向课题(202205510410349,202005510410489)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究我国北方地区夏季和冬季半封闭猪舍环境条件对生长猪饮水量和生产性能的影响。试验选取(110±7)日龄“杜×长×大”生长猪,在夏、冬2个季节,测定并统计分析河北省承德地区某试验猪舍内外环境温湿度、猪总饮水量、浪费水量和生产性能的异同及其相关性。结果表明:1)夏季和冬季猪饮用水日平均温度分别为(21.65±0.09)℃和(10.05±0.72)℃,舍内0.5 m平均温度分别为(23.41±0.19)℃和(10.13±0.33)℃,舍内0.5 m平均相对湿度分别为(82.11±1.70)%和(63.32±1.60)%;舍内1.0和1.5 m平均温湿度与舍内0.5 m接近,变化幅度均在2℃或6%;试验期间夏季和冬季舍外平均温度分别为22.4和-7.9℃。2)夏季试验期,每头猪的平均总耗水量约为冬季的5倍。3)夏季和冬季猪的平均日真实饮水量分别为(22.72±0.83) L和(3.64±0.08) L。其中,冬季猪的平均日真实饮水量与舍内0.5和1.5 m温度之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05),与舍内1.0 m温度之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);夏季猪的平均日真实饮水量与舍外最低温度之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05)。4)夏季和冬季猪平均日浪费水量分别为(8.10±0.70) L和(3.30±0.09) L。5)猪的平均日采食量在夏季较低(2.2 kg),冬季较高(2.6 kg);夏季猪的平均日增重较低(810 g),冬季较高(940 g)。夏季和冬季猪的料重比分别为2.67和2.75;夏季猪的水料比达到10.50,冬季仅为1.40。由此可见,北方半封闭式猪舍内环境温度的季节性变化会影响猪的用水量和生产性能;与冬季相比,夏季猪舍内环境温度较高,猪真实饮水量、浪费水量和水料比均较高,采食量和平均日增重较低。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on drinking water volume and performance of growing pigs in semi-closed piggery in summer and winter in northern China.In this experiment,“Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire” growing pigs of(110±7)-day-old were selected.In summer and winter,the differences and correlations between indoor and outdoor ambient temperature and humidity,total water intake,water waste and performance of pigs in an experimental pigsty in Chengde of Hebei province were measured and statistically analyzed.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily drinking water temperature was(21.65±0.09)℃ and(10.05±0.72)℃ in summer and winter,the indoor average temperature at 0.5 m was(23.41±0.19)℃ and(10.13±0.33)℃,and the in door average relative humidity at 0.5 m was(82.11±1.70)% and(63.32±1.60)%,respectively.The indoor average temperature and humidity at 1.0and 1.5 m were close to those at 0.5 m,and the variation range was 2 ℃ or 6%.The outdoor average temperature in summer and winter was 22.4 and-7.9 ℃,respectively.2)During the experiment in summer,the average total water consumption per pig was about 5 times that of the winter.3)The average daily true water intake of pigs in summer and winter were(22.72±0.83)L and(3.64±0.08)L,respectively.The average daily true water intake of pigs in winter was significantly positively correlated with the indoor temperature at 0.5 and1.5 m(P<0.05),and extremely significantly positively correlated with the indoor temperature at 1.0 m(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between the average daily true water intake and the minimum outdoor temperature in summer(P<0.05).4)The average daily water waste of pigs in summer and winter was(8.10±0.70)L and(3.30±0.09)L,respectively.5)The average daily feed intake of pigs was lower in summer(2.2 kg)and higher in winter(2.6 kg),and the average daily gain of pigs was lower in summer(810 g)and higher in winter(940 g).The ratio of feed to gain of pigs in su

关 键 词：生长猪 环境温度 真实饮水量 浪费水量 生产性能 

分 类 号：S815[农业科学—畜牧学] S828[农业科学—畜牧兽医]