2015—2021年重庆市万州区诺如病毒感染疫情流行特征分析  

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Infected Diarrhea in Wanzhou District of Chongqing from 2015 to 2021

作　　者：郎中凯[1] 甘雨露 颜朝阳[1] 王颖 王恒芹[1] LANG Zhong-kai;GAN Yu-lu;YAN Chao-yang;WANG Ying;WANG Heng-qin(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wanzhou District,Chongqing,404100,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市万州区疾病预防控制中心,重庆404100

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2022年第11期91-94,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:了解重庆市万州区学校诺如病毒感染疫情流行特征,为精准防控提供参考。方法:从中国疾病预防控制中心“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”收集2015-2021年重庆市万州区诺如病毒感染疫情信息和实验室数据,进行描述性分析。结果:2015-2021年万州区共报告诺如病毒感染疫情14起(小学7起、幼儿园4起、中学3起),诺如病毒GⅡ型引起13起,GⅠ型引起1起,罹患率分别为1.07%、 1.95%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.64,P<0.05)。共采集肛拭子、环境等标本311份,检出诺如病毒核酸阳性118份,阳性检出率为37.94%,其中GⅡ型85份(72.03%),GⅠ型30份(25.43%),GⅠ型、GⅡ型混合3份(2.54%)。托幼机构人群罹患率高于中小学(χ^(2)=61.10,P<0.05)。传播途径以人传人为主,其次是食源性,二者罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.789,P<0.05)。症状以呕吐、腹泻为主,时间发生在冬季和春、秋季。结论:重庆市万州区诺如病毒感染疫情均发生在学校和托幼机构,应加强重点单位、人群传染病防治工作力度,做好早期病例排查和消毒等工作,持续开展病原学监测及传播途径研究。OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemic characteristics of school norovirus infection in Wanzhou district of Chongqing,and to provide reference for accurate prevention and control.METHODS The epidemic information and laboratory test data of norovirus in Wanzhou district from 2015 to 2021 collected from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were descriptively analyzed.RESULTS A total of 14 norovirus outbreaks(7 cases in primary schools,4 cases in kindergartens and 3 cases in middle schools)were reported in Wanzhou district from 2015 to 2021,13 cases were caused by GⅡ,and 1 case was caused by GⅠ,where the attack rates were 1.07%and 1.95%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=17.64,P<0.05).A total of 311 anal swabs and environmental samples were collected,118 of which were positive for norovirus nucleic acid,with a positive detection rate of 37.94%.Among them,85(72.03%)were GⅡ,30(25.43%)were GⅠ,and 3(2.54%)were GⅠ/Ⅱmixed type.The attack rate of childcare institutions was higher than that of primary and secondary schools(χ^(2)=61.10,P<0.05).The main transmission route was person-to-person contact,followed by foodborne contact,and the difference of attack rate was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.789,P<0.05),where vomiting and diarrhea were the main symptoms,and it happens in winter and spring and autumn.CONCLUSION Norovirus infections in Wanzhou district all occurred in schools and kindergartens,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases in key sites and groups,work hard on early case screening and disinfection,and continue to carry out etiological monitoring and transmission route research.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 疫情 流行特征 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]