OSPAR公海保护区困境的应对之策及其启示  

Countermeasures to the Dilemmas of High Seas Marine Protected Areas under the OSPAR and Implications

作　　者：蒋小翼[1] 禤嘉慧 HAN Yuchen CHEN Jueyu JIANG Xiaoyi;XUAN Jiahui;HAN Yuchen;CHEN Jueyu(China Institute of Boundary and Ocean Studies,Wuhan University China;Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院 [2]广东省环境科学研究院 [3]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2022年第3期1-39,共39页China Oceans Law Review

摘　　要：《保护东北大西洋海洋环境公约》(又称“OSPAR公约”)项下公海保护区是世界上第一个“公海保护区网络”,在包括公约、协议、建议等不同形式文书组成的法律框架下,迄今已建立八个公海保护区。然而OSPAR公海保护区面临法律约束力不足、管理权有限、机构管理有效合作有待加强等困境,阻碍保护区效能的发挥。OSPAR公海保护区的困境反映了公海保护区建设中存在的公海自由原则与海洋生境养护治理的矛盾、国家权利行使与让渡之间的平衡、现有制度与新设养护措施的衔接及海洋保护区科学性的要求与现实的差距等问题,为BBNJ国际协定下采用划区管理工具和建立公海保护区提供了管理模式、权利义务设定和管理规定等方面的借鉴。The high seas marine protected areas(MPAs)under the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic(OSPAR Convention)constitute the world’s first“network of high seas MPAs”,which has so far seen the establishment of eight high seas MPAs under a legal framework consisting of conventions,agreements,recommendations and other forms of instruments.However,there are many dilemmas facing OSPAR high seas MPAs,such as insufficient legal binding force,limited management authority,and poor cooperation in institutional management,which hinder the effectiveness of the protected areas.Such dilemmas concerning OSPAR high seas MPAs have revealed a throng of issues existing in the construction of high seas MPAs,such as the contradiction between the principle of freedom on the high seas and the conservation and management of marine habitats,the balance between the exercise and cession of state rights,the connection between the existing regime and the new conservation measures,and the gap between the scientific requirements of MPAs and the reality.They bring lessons for the adoption of area-based management tools and the establishment of high seas MPAs under the BBNJ international agreement in terms of management models,setting of rights and obligations and management regulations.

关 键 词：《保护东北大西洋海洋环境保护公约》 公海保护区 国家管辖范 围以外区域 生物多样性 困境 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]