国际海底区域勘探开发争端解决机制的执行困境与完善方案  

Implementation Dilemma and Improvement Scheme of Dispute Settlement Mechanism for International Seabed Exploration and Exploitation

作　　者：郝艺颖 HAN Yuchen CHEN Jueyu HAO Yiying;HAN Yuchen;CHEN Jueyu(School of Law,Xiamen University,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2022年第3期73-109,共37页China Oceans Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项“新时代海洋强国建设”(项目编号:20VHQ014)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：目前,国际海底管理局正在加紧审议《“区域”内矿产资源开发规章草案》,以期在2023年通过,但该规章中关于争端解决机制内容较少,含糊不清,仍需进一步完善。《联合国海洋法公约》及相关的执行协定虽在争端解决机制上,对国际海洋法法庭海底争端分庭的管辖权和争端解决的程序作出了基础性的规定,但未穷尽所有可能产生的争端,担保国的程序性权利与担保国责任之间的关系尚不明朗。因此,在开发阶段应当充分把握成本效益原则、国家同意原则以及公平公正原则以解决可能出现的争端;在完善《“区域”内矿产资源开发规章》的争端解决机制条款方面,应当充分把握其与《联合国海洋法公约》的上下位法关系,在合理的范围内解释和适用《联合国海洋法公约》,同时在管理局层面考虑建立辅助性的行政审查机制并完善信息交换与通知制度,以分散海底争端分庭的司法负担。Currently,the International Seabed Authority(ISA)is stepping up its consideration of the Regulations on the Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area with a view to adoption in 2023.The dispute settlement mechanism in the regulations is less and ambiguous,which still needs to be further improved.Basic provisions have been made on the jurisdiction of the Seabed Dispute Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and dispute settlement procedures from the provisions of the dispute settlement mechanism of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)and its implementation agreement,but all possible disputes have not been exhausted.The relationship between the procedural rights and the responsibility of sponsoring States is still unclear.The construction of dispute settlement mechanism in the stage of exploitation should fully grasp the principles of cost-effectiveness,international cooperation and fairness and equity to face the potential disputes.In terms of perfecting the provisions of the dispute settlement mechanism of the regulations,we should fully grasp the upper and lower legal relationship between the Regulations and UNCLOS,interpreting and applying UNCLOS within a reasonable scope.Meanwhile,as for ISA,considering the establishment of an auxiliary administrative review mechanism and improving the system of information exchange and notification,can lighten judicial burden of the Seabed Dispute Chamber.

关 键 词：国际海底区域 海底争端分庭 争端解决机制 《“区域”内矿产 资源开发规章》 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]