陕北有机基质栽培薄皮甜瓜品种筛选  

Selection of muskmelon varieties cultivated on organic substrate in northern Shaanxi

作　　者：孙涛[1,2] 甘海玲 周道明 黄文献 胡晓辉 SUN TAO;GAN Hailing;ZHOU Daoming;HUANG Wenxian;HU Xiaohui(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Facility Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省设施农业工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第12期128-136,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省科技创新团队项目(2021TD-34);陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2020-YL-09);西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2019-23)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适宜在陕北地区进行有机基质栽培的优质高产薄皮甜瓜品种,为该地区的甜瓜产业发展提供参考。【方法】以14个薄皮甜瓜品种(青农甜宝、玲珑黄、日本甜宝、青农翠宝、京玉352、凌甜绿冠、gk-03、ze-04、中原9016、金帝、冰糖王子、泽甜四号、吉创20B、绿博特)为试材,比较分析不同品种甜瓜果实的可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性总糖、有机酸、游离氨基酸、可溶性固形物、固酸比、糖酸比、果肉厚度、单果质量、果形指数、坐果数等12项指标,并对各指标的相关性进行Pearson分析,运用主成分分析法综合评价甜瓜品质指标,确定薄皮甜瓜品质性状的决定因子和指标;采用优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)对薄皮甜瓜产量、代表性品质指标进行综合评判,筛选适合陕北地区有机基质栽培的薄皮甜瓜品种。【结果】不同品种薄皮甜瓜营养品质指标均存在较大差异,利用主成分分析法提取4个主成分,其累计方差贡献率达86.65%;薄皮甜瓜营养品质的主要决定因子为风味因子、抗氧化因子、食用因子和合成因子,对应的指标分别为固酸比,糖酸比,维生素C,果肉厚度和游离氨基酸含量。通过主成分分析筛选得分排名前5的品种分别为中原9016(1.92)、吉创20B(1.28)、金帝(0.62)、泽甜四号(0.59)、日本甜宝(0.24);通过TOPSIS综合分析产量品质,筛选出排名前5的甜瓜品种分别为中原9016(0.77)、吉创20B(0.61)、金帝(0.47)、泽甜四号(0.41)和冰糖王子(0.36)。【结论】中原9016、吉创20B、金帝和泽甜四号薄皮甜瓜品种产量、品质综合性状较优,适宜在陕北地区进行有机基质栽培。【Objective】The high quality muskmelon cultivars suitable for substrate cultivation in northern Shaanxi were screened to offer references for development of melon industry in this region.【Method】This study included 14 muskmelon cultivars of Qingnongtianbao,Linglonghuang,Ribentianbao,Qingnongcuibao,Jingyu 352,Lingtianlvguan,gk-03,ze-04,Zhongyuan 9016,Jindi,Bingtangwangzi,Zetiansihao,Jichuang 20B,and Lvbote.A total of 12 indexes including soluble protein,vitamin C,soluble total sugar,titratable acid,free amino acid,soluble solids,solid acid ratio,sugar acid ratio,pulp thickness,single fruit weight,and fruit shape index were determined and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted.Then,the principal component analysis(PCA)was used to evaluate the quality indexes and determine the dominating indexes.TOPSIS was also used to evaluate yield and representative quality indexes and to screen the varieties suitable for organic substrate cultivation in northern Shaanxi.【Result】There were great differences in nutritional quality indexes among different varieties.PCA identified four principal components with cumulative variance contribution rate of 86.65%.The main determinants of nutritional quality traits included flavor factor,antioxidant factor,edible factor and synthetic factor,and they were solid acid ratio,sugar acid ratio,vitamin C,pulp thickness and free amino acid,correspondingly.The top 5 varieties based on PCA were Zhongyuan 9016(1.92),Jichuang 20B(1.28),Jindi(0.62),Zetiansihao(0.59),and Ribentianbao(0.24),and the top 5 varieties based on TOPSIS were Zhongyuan 9016(0.77),Jichuang 20B(0.61),Jindi(0.47),Zetiansihao(0.41),and Bingtangwangzi(0.36).【Conclusion】Zhongyuan 9016,Jichuang 20B,Jindi and Zetiansihao with good yield and quality were suitable for substrate cultivation in northern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：薄皮甜瓜 品种筛选 因子分析 TOPSIS综合评价 陕北地区 

分 类 号：S652.4[农业科学—果树学]