从数字音乐独家版权案看版权滥用的规制路径  

Regulation of Copyright Abuse: from the Digital Music Exclusive Copyright Case Perspective

作　　者：谢南希 Xie Nanxi

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学竞争法研究中心

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2022年第10期26-36,共11页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：我国音乐独家版权处罚案显示数字音乐平台可能以损害公共利益的方式滥用版权,产生排除、限制竞争的效果。但是,对于版权滥用的规制,我国著作权法缺乏明确法律依据,而反垄断法适用难度高。比较法研究显示,美国知识产权法将版权滥用视为一项侵权抗辩理由,美国反垄断法认定拒绝许可形式的版权滥用可能构成滥用市场支配地位,美国法对版权滥用的双重规制路径对我国具有借鉴意义。结合我国当前的行业问题、已有规则和实践,我国可考虑在知识产权领域引入版权滥用抗辩制度,适度调整其适用条件,将这一制度限制在允许受影响的利益相关方能够对版权人滥用版权、限制竞争的行为提出异议,同时最大程度防止这一制度本身被滥用的效果范围内。我国还可考虑在竞争领域降低反垄断法项下拒绝许可条款的认定门槛,补充权利人的反竞争意图等作为综合考虑的因素,并制定证据规则指南,提升规则的可操作性。The exclusive music copyright case indicates that digital music platforms may abuse copyright in a way that harms the public interest and excludes and restricts competition.However,as to the issue of copyright abuse,the Chinese Copyright Law lacks a clear legal basis,and the threshold of the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law remains high.A comparative study of the U.S.and Chinese laws shows that copyright abuse may serve as a defense to infringement under the U.S.intellectual property law and copyright abuse in the form of refusal to license may constitute an abuse of dominance under the U.S.antitrust law.Such a two-dimensional approach can be a source of inspiration for the Chinese law.Considering the issues that arise in the industry,and the existing rules and practices in China,it may be time to consider possible ways to introduce copyright abuse defense under the Chinese Copyright Law.Proper adjustment can be made to allow the affected party to object to the way that the copyright owner exercises its copyright,and to prevent the abuse of the defense itself.Another option is to lower the threshold of refusal of license under the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law by adding more factors to consider,i.e.,the anticompetitive intent of the copyright owner,and to make guidance on evidence to improve the practicability of the rules.

关 键 词：版权滥用 独家版权 数字音乐平台 著作权法 反垄断法 

分 类 号：D908[政治法律—法学理论] D913[政治法律—法学]