矿山灾害生命保障救援通道快速安全构建关键技术与装备  

Key technologies and equipment of quickly and safely building life support and rescue channel in mine disaster

作　　者：田宏亮[1,2] 邹祖杰 郝世俊 曹明[2] 周光华 黄勇 顾海荣 王雷 TIAN Hongliang;ZOU Zujie;HAO Shijun;CAO Ming;ZHOU Guanghua;HUANG Yong;GU Hairong;WANG Lei(China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.,Xi’an 710077,China;CHN Energy Ningxia Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Environmental Safety Engineering Branch,Yinchuan,750011,China;China Coal Geology Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100040,China;School of Construction Machinery,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China;China Coal Science and Industry Group Shenyang Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 113122,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院,北京100013 [2]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077 [3]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司,宁夏银川750011 [4]中煤地质集团有限公司,北京100040 [5]长安大学工程机械学院,陕西西安710064 [6]中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司,辽宁沈阳113122

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2022年第11期1-13,共13页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0808200)。

摘　　要：矿山发生重大灾害事故导致井筒、巷道破坏,人员被困井下时,通过安全、高效地构建救援通道是最有效的救援方式。救援通道包括井下、地面2种形式,井下具备施工条件时,构建穿过坍塌段的大直径救援通道,是最直接的方式;井下不具备施工条件或易发生次生灾害时,则需先在地面快速、精准钻进小直径搜救孔,确定井下被困人员位置及身体状况,并及时输送给养,再构建大直径救援井,采用专用救援提升装备保障被困人员升井脱困。研究涵盖机械工程、钻井工程、电气工程、软件工程、流体力学、岩土力学、动力学、先进控制技术等多学科多领域,将理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究、型式试验、工程示范相结合,以“救援通道构建装备研制—生命保障通道构建技术开发—大直径救援通道构建技术开发—地面提升救援装备开发—技术与装备集成及工程试验”为主线,开发钻孔救援关键技术与装备。研制了3套应急救援集成装备,ZMK5550TZJF50/120型救援车载钻机最大提升力1200 kN、最大转矩50000 N·m,开发了钻机与配套机具的一体化集中控制系统,单根起下钻效率小于3 min/根;XZJ5240JQZ30型救援提升车开发了多传感器信息融合的通信监测控制系统,提升系统最大救援深度848 m;ZDG1500型井下大直径顶管机直径1630 mm,最大顶推力8541.2 kN。开发了复杂地层生命保障孔快速、精准钻进技术,地面大直径救援井精准、安全、高效钻进及透巷技术,井下大断面救援通道顶管快速施工技术3项矿山应急救援通道构建技术。在宁夏宁煤梅花井矿开展了国内首次生命保障孔及大直径救援井施工、救援提升的集成研究和工程示范,完成井径215.9 mm、井深670.5 m生命保障孔,用时46.83 h,井底水平位移偏移0.27 m,满足72 h黄金救援时间内成孔要求;完成井径830 mm、井深654.1 m救援井,井底水平位移0.19 m,介In case that persons are trapped underground as a result of shaft and roadway damage due to a major disaster accident in a mine,the most effective way of rescue is to construct the rescue channel in a safely and efficient manner.The rescue channel is divided into the underground and ground types.Building a large diameter rescue channel through the collapsed section is the most direct way if underground construction conditions are available.However,if no underground construction conditions are available or it is prone to secondary disasters,it is necessary to drill small diameter rescue holes on the ground quickly and accurately to determine the location and physical condition of the trapped people underground,and deliver the supplies in time.Then,a large diameter relief well should be constructed to ensure that the trapped people can be pulled out of the well with the special rescue equipment.The research covers multiple disciplines in many fields such as mechanical engineering,drilling engineering,electrical engineering,software engineering,hydromechanics,geotechnical mechanics,dynamics,and advanced control technology.Meanwhile,the key technologies and equipment for drilling rescue were developed with the theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,experimental research,type test and engineering demonstration in combination,focusing on the main line of development of construction equipment for rescue channel,development of construction technologies for life support channel,development of construction technologies for large-diameter rescue channel,development of ground lifting rescue equipment,and integration and engineering test of technologies and equipment.Three sets of emergency rescue integrated equipment have been developed.ZMK5550TZJF50/120 rescue truck-mounted drilling rig has the maximum lifting force of 1200 kN and the maximum torque of 50000 N·m.The integrated centralized control system of drilling rig and supporting tools was developed,with the single tripping efficiency of 3 min/rig.In terms of XZJ524

关 键 词：矿山灾害 应急救援 生命保障孔 大直径救援井 救援车载钻机 提升装备 救援顶管机 

分 类 号：TD41[矿业工程—矿山机电] TD231