气动潜孔锤技术在矿山事故钻孔救援中的应用  

Application of pneumatic DTH hammer in drilling rescue of mine accidents

作　　者：赵江鹏 郝世俊 ZHAO Jiangpeng;HAO Shijun(Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2022年第11期24-34,共11页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0808202)。

摘　　要：气动潜孔锤作为一种高效冲击破岩工具,在国内外矿山事故钻孔救援中发挥了重要作用。笔者从破岩机理、结构型式、钻井方法与规程等方面阐述了气动潜孔锤的技术特点,着重分析了气动潜孔锤反循环类型及其特征。结合山西王家岭煤矿透水事故、山东平邑石膏矿坍塌事故、山东笏山金矿坍塌事故等成功救援案例,阐述了气动潜孔锤正循环钻进、气动潜孔锤与泥浆螺杆组合纠偏钻进在小直径钻孔中应用情况,以及气动潜孔锤随钻测量技术的研究进展。对于较浅小直径钻孔,气动潜孔锤采用保直钻进工艺可直接命中井下巷道;对于较深小直径钻孔,采用气动潜孔锤与泥浆螺杆纠偏组合钻进,方可命中井下巷道。结合国内外地面大直径救援钻孔成功案例,以及矿山大直径工程钻孔典型案例,介绍了气动潜孔锤正循环、下排渣、反循环等推广应用情况,气动潜孔锤下排渣最大钻深达688 m,气动潜孔锤反循环最大钻深达654.1 m。针对我国矿山开采逐渐向深部发展,矿山分布散、区域广,地质类型多、差异大的特点,面向复杂地层深孔救援,分析了小直径钻孔气动潜孔锤技术存在的不足之处,重点分析了大直径救援孔气动潜孔锤正循环、下排渣、反循环等技术面临的主要问题,明确其复杂地层钻进时技术缺陷实质,建议进一步开展气动冲击定向钻进技术、大直径钻孔气液双循环钻进技术的研究。As an efficient percussive rock breaking tool,pneumatic down-the-hole(DTH)hammer has played an important role in drilling rescue of mine accidents at home and abroad.Herein,the technical characteristics of pneumatic DTH hammer were described from the points of rock breaking mechanism,structure type,drilling method and specification,and the reverse circulation type and its characteristics of pneumatic DTH hammer were emphatically analyzed.Besides,the application of forward circulation drilling of pneumatic DTH hammer and the combined deviation correction drilling of pneumatic DTH hammer and mud screw in small diameter drilling,as well as the research progress of pneumatic DTH hammer measurement while drilling technology,were analyzed based on the successful rescue cases such as the water inrush accident of Shanxi Wangjialing Coal Mine,the collapse accident of Shandong Pingyi Gypsum Mine,and the collapse accident of Shanxi Hushan Gold Mine.For shallow small-diameter drilling,the pneumatic DTH hammer could directly hit the underground roadway with straight drilling technology.For deep small-diameter drilling,the combined deviation correction drilling of pneumatic DTH hammer and mud screw could be used to hit the underground roadway.Moreover,the promotion and application of pneumatic DTH hammer in forward circulation,downward slag discharge and reverse circulation were introduced with reference to the successful cases of large-diameter rescue drilling on the ground at home and abroad,and the typical cases of large-diameter engineering drilling in mines.The maximum drilling depth of pneumatic DTH hammer for downward slag discharge reaches 688 m,and that by reverse circulation reaches 654.1 m.Further,in view of the gradual development of mining in China towards the deep,the scattered and wide distribution of mines,multiple geological types and large differences,and the deep hole rescue in complex formations,the shortcomings of the pneumatic DTH hammer technology for small-diameter drilling were analyzed,focusing on the

关 键 词：矿山事故救援 救援钻孔 气动潜孔锤 气体钻进 反循环钻进 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TD41[矿业工程—矿山机电]