机器学习与多组学结合推动精准营养的研究进展  

Research progress of precision nutrition promoted by the combination of machine learning and multi-omics

作　　者：王璐 王宇 曾俊[2,3,4] 陈伟 江华 Wang Lu;Wang Yu;Zeng Jun;Chen Wei;Jiang Hua(Graduate School of North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong 637000,China;Institute of Emergency and Disaster Medicine,Sichuan Academy of Medicial Sciences,Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital,Chengdu 610072,China;Department of First-Aid Centre,Sichuan Academy of Medicial Sciences,Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital,Chengdu 610072,China;Sichuan Provincial Emergency and Critical Care Clinical Research Center,Chengdu 610072,China;Department of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]川北医学院研究生院,南充637000 [2]四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院急诊医学与灾难医学研究所,成都610072 [3]四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院急救中心,成都610072 [4]四川省急危重症临床研究中心,成都610072 [5]北京协和医院临床营养科,100730

出　　处：《中华损伤与修复杂志（电子版）》2022年第6期540-544,共5页Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2019YFS0534,2020YFS0392,2021YFS0378)。

摘　　要：在大数据的时代背景下,精准营养已逐渐成为临床营养研究的一个重要趋势。精准营养综合了基因组学、代谢组学、表型组学等多组学的研究理论和方法,并引入机器学习等计算科学技术,使得人们对各种疾病/病理生理条件下营养代谢紊乱的认识达到了新高度,也为发现新的营养干预靶点以及干预的模式提供了全新范式。本文就精准营养中机器学习模型建立的数据准备及算法选择方法,结合机器学习在多组学研究中的应用成果进行综述。在大数据背景下,应用机器学习的精准营养研究不仅能够为每例患者营养支持方案制定策略提供科学依据,同时还可以探索各个营养素之间的联系甚至因果关系,因此机器学习是精准营养研究中必不可少的技术手段。然而,本文也提出目前机器学习在精准营养中的应用受限于数据的异质性高、算法的特异性低等挑战,还有很多未知领域需要探索。With the development of clinical big data,precision nutrition has gradually become an important trend in clinical nutrition research.Precision nutrition integrates the research theories and methods of genomics,metabolomics,phenoomics and other omics,and introduces computational science and technology such as machine learning,which makes people′s understanding of nutritional metabolic disorders under various diseases/pathophysiological conditions reach a new height,and also provides a new paradigm for the discovery of new nutritional intervention targets and intervention modes.This paper reviews the data preparation and algorithm selection methods of machine learning model building in precision nutrition,combined with the application of machine learning in multi-omics research.Under the background of big data,precision nutrition research with the application of machine learning can not only provide scientific basis for the formulation of nutrition support plan for each patient,but also explore the relationship and even causal relationship between various nutrients.Therefore,machine learning is an essential technical means in precision nutrition research.However,this paper also points out that the current application of machine learning in precision nutrition is limited by high heterogeneity of data and low specificity of algorithms,and there are still many unknown areas to explore.

关 键 词：营养基因组学 精准医学 机器学习 深度学习 代谢组学 

分 类 号：R64[医药卫生—外科学]