高速铁路浮动票价政策公平性研究  

Research on Fairness of High Speed Railway Floating Fare Policy

作　　者：李凯旋 景云[1] 郭思冶 孙国锋 杨凯名 LI Kaixuan;JING Yun;GUO Siye;SUN Guofeng;YANG Kaiming(School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2022年第10期49-56,84,共9页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：北京交通大学基本科研业务费(2022JBQY006)。

摘　　要：部分高速铁路由单一固定票价政策转变为浮动票价政策,票价的浮动引起旅客对社会公平性的担忧,研究浮动票价政策的公平性具有重要的现实意义。提出交通可支付能力解决不同收入群体收入差距过大问题,提出基于交通可支付能力的洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数,根据群体收入水平定义收入分组,结合累计人数和交通可支付能力占比计算基尼系数,定量衡量高速铁路浮动票价政策的公平性。选取京沪高速铁路的单一固定票价政策和浮动票价政策作为算例,结果表明,两种票价政策均能满足社会公平的原则,但与单一固定票价政策相比,浮动票价政策的基尼系数减小了0.05,更加公平,是高度公平的票价政策,故浮动票价政策将逐渐成为我国票价改革及可持续发展的重要方向。Part of high speed railway changes from a single fixed fare policy to a floating fare policy, which makes passengers worry about social fairness. It is of great practical significance to study the fairness of the floating fare policy. This paper argued that transportation affordability could deal with the large income gap between different income groups, and proposed the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient based on transportation affordability. Income groups were defined according to the income of these groups, and the Gini coefficient was calculated by combining the cumulative number of people and the proportion of transportation affordability. Finally, the fairness of the floating fare policy in the high speed railway was measured quantitatively. The single fixed fare policy and the floating fare policy of the Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway were taken as examples. The results show that the two policies both meet the principle of social fairness. However, compared with the single fixed fare policy, the Gini coefficient of the floating fare policy is reduced by 0.05, which is a more fair policy. Therefore, the floating fare policy will gradually become an important direction for China’s fare reforms and sustainable development.

关 键 词：高速铁路 运输经济 浮动票价 公平性 洛伦兹曲线 基尼系数 

分 类 号：F532.5[经济管理—产业经济]