高性能ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)复合材料的构筑及在锌镍电池中的应用  

Construction of high-performance ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)composites and their application in NiZn battery

作　　者：王佳其 陈含章 蒋蔚 杨琪 马谢利 关明云 Jiaqi Wang;Hanzhang Chen;Wei Jiang;Qi Yang;Xieli Ma;Mingyun Guan(Jiangsu University of Technology,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Changzhou 213001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院化学与环境工程学院,常州213001

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2022年第10期1834-1843,共10页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)-面上项目(编号:BE2021640)资助项目。

摘　　要：锌负极在充放电过程中易产生枝晶、形变和析氢等问题导致了锌镍电池低的循环寿命.为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种对氧化锌进行表面改性的新技术.采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为碳源,首先合成了ZnO/C复合材料;然后在乙二醇溶剂中制备了ZnO/C/NHBiF复合材料;高温煅烧条件下ZnO/C/NHBiF转变成ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3).XRD、XPS、HRTEM与EDS图证实ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)复合材料被成功合成,并深入分析了复合材料的形成机理.CV、EIS及恒流充放电测试表明,当Bi_(2)O_(3)含量为2%时,ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)复合材料的电化学性能最佳.由其作为负极组装的NiZn电池的电性能测试显示其能量密度最高为166.5 Wh kg^(-1),循环次数为1806圈且库仑效率始终维持在90%以上.1806次充放电循环后,能量密度依然维持在164.44 Wh kg^(-1),表现出优异的电化学性能,展示出巨大的实际应用潜力.这种创新性的合成方法有望拓展到其他种类复合材料的制备.The zinc anode easily encounters some problems such as dendrite growth,shape change,and hydrogen evolution during the charge-discharge process,which lead to the poor cycle life of NiZn battery.To solve these problems,a novel method for surface modification of ZnO was proposed.By using PVA as carbon source,ZnO/C composite was first synthesized;and then,ZnO/C/NHBiFcomposite was prepared in the ethylene glycol;ZnO/C/NHBiFfinally transformed into ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)after being calcined at high temperature.X-ray diffractometer(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and elemental distribution mapping results confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)composites.The formation mechanism of the composites was discussed in detail.Cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectrosocopy(EIS)and constant current charge-discharge tests showed that ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)composite with the Bi_(2)O_(3)content of 2%displayed the highest electrochemical activity.Furthermore,the NiZn battery assembled from the composite with 2 wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)displayed a cycle life up to 1806 times with the highest energy density of 166.5 Wh kg^(-1).The energy density of 164.44Wh kg^(-1)and Coulombic efficiency of 90%were still maintained after 1806 cycles.The as-prepared ZnO/C/Bi_(2)O_(3)composites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and great potential for practical applications.This innovative synthesis method is hopeful to be extended to prepare other composites.

关 键 词：锌镍电池 氧化锌 复合材料 循环寿命 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]