美国收入和财富不平等研究前沿及其启示——基于《美国社会学评论》近十年文献的分析  

Understanding rising income inequality in United States:a literature survey of American Sociological Review in the past decade

作　　者：王修晓 朱斌[2] 苗大雷 Xiu-xiao Wang;Bin Zhu;Da-lei Miao

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学社会与心理学院 [2]中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心 [3]华中科技大学社会学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2022年第3期57-76,6,9,共22页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BSH143);国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CSH090)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以来,美国的收入和财富分配不平等在短时间内快速扩大,引发一系列社会政治后果。基于对《美国社会学评论》近十年文献的全面梳理,本文系统考察了造成这种现象背后的复杂原因和作用机制。新自由主义思潮主导对雇佣双方权力博奔带来完全不同的后果:一方面,经济金融化和全球化、股东导向和管理主义,使得前1%高收入人群的财富大幅增长;另一方面,去工会化、技术变迁带来的替代效应,以及亲劳工政党和公共政策的缺席,显著降低了工人的集体行动和谈判能力。加上种族、移民和性别等传统变量不平等效应的延续,共同扭曲了美国的收入和财富分配格局。当前中国收入不平等总体稳定,由于公共部门相对庞大且国家意志更为独立,可以借鉴美国案例的教训,发挥自身的独特优势,积极缩小贫富差距,推进共同富裕。Income and wealth distribution in the United States has become dramatically unequal since 1970s,resulting in many-faceted social and political consequences.A literature survey of American Sociological Review in the past decade(2010-2020)reveals that neo-liberalism adopted some forty years ago has significantly changed workplace power balance.While a series of factors including globalization and financialisation,shareholder-orientated managerialism have increased the wealth of the top 1%,workers’collective actions and bargaining capacity have been substantially jeopardized due to de-unionisation,computerization and the absence of pro-labor partisan as well as public policies,leading to their share of national income in a continuous decline.Combined with traditional variables like race,ethnicity,migration and gender,income and wealth distribution pattern has been twisted ever since.China’s income inequality has been stable in recent years.Nevertheless,lessons should be learned from the U.S.to promote common prosperity and foster a more desirable future.

关 键 词：经济金融化 新自由主义思潮 谈判能力 替代效应 政治后果 收入不平等 社会学评论 财富不平等 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济]