储草期增加食物对布氏田鼠越冬存活率的影响  

The Effect of Increasing Food during the Storage Period on the Winter Survival Rate of Brandt's Vole

作　　者：黄文吉 洪立国 曼丽 焦玉斌 高利军 新巴图 哈斯其木格 宛新荣[1] HUANG Wen-Ji;HONG Li-Guo;MAN Li;JIAO Yu-Bin;GAO Li-Jun;Xinbatu;Hasiqimuge;WAN Xin-Rong(State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065;Grassland Work Station,Xilinhot City,Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia,Xilinhot 026000;Abagaqi Grassland Station,Abagaqi 011400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610065 [3]内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特市草原工作站,锡林浩特026000 [4]内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗草原工作站,阿巴嘎旗011400

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2022年第5期689-695,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(No.XDA2005010302);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31770457)。

摘　　要：布氏田鼠(Lasiopodomys brandtii)是内蒙古典型草原区主要鼠种之一。该鼠种在秋季将食物储存在储草仓内,以此来度过植被贫瘠的冬季。为探究储草期增加食物对布氏田鼠越冬存活率的影响,2004年10月,于内蒙古阿巴嘎旗白音图噶苏木的布氏田鼠鼠害草场随机选取两块100 m×200 m的样地,分别设为增食样地和对照样地。增食样地内给每个布氏田鼠洞群补充食物,每天补充500 g小麦,连续补充2 d共计1000 g。对照样地内则不做任何处理。2004年10月,采用标志重捕法调查两块样地内布氏田鼠种群数量,调查显示,增食样地和对照样地内,布氏田鼠数量分别为310只和318只,以该结果作为计算其越冬存活率的基数。2005年5月,返回样地再次进行标志重捕,分别计算两样地布氏田鼠的越冬存活率。卡方检验显示,储草期增加食物能显著提高布氏田鼠越冬存活率。增食样地布氏田鼠越冬存活率为41.3%,显著高于对照样地布氏田鼠越冬存活率(24.2%,P<0.01)。增食样地雌性和雄性布氏田鼠越冬存活率分别为45.4%和37.3%,均显著高于对照样地雌性和雄性布氏田鼠越冬存活率(25.8%和22.6%,P<0.01)。但样地内雌性和雄性越冬存活率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明,补充食物可大幅度提升布氏田鼠冬季存活率,增加布氏田鼠越冬存活基数,对来年种群增长起重要作用。Brandt's Vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)is one of the main rodent species in the typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia.The voles store food in the burrows in autumn to survive the winter when the vegetation is poor.[Objectives]In order to study the effects of increasing food on vole's winter survival rate.[Methods]In October 2004,we selected 2 sample plots(200 m×100 m)in Baiyintuga,Abagaqi,Inner Mongolia,where is Brandt’s vole distributed.We defined 2 plots as increasing food plot and control plot.In the increasing food plot,we increasing wheat around all vole’s burrow clusters.Each burrow cluster was fed 500 g of wheat per day for two consecutive days for a total of 1000 g.And do nothing in the control plot.The mark-recapture method is used to estimate the number of Brandt’s vole in 2 plots.The number of Brandt's voles was 310 and 318,respectively,and the results were used as the base for calculating their winter survival rate.In May 2005,we returned the 2 plots again to investigate the vole’s population number.Statistics using chi-square test.[Results]The winter survival rate of Brandt’s vole in the increasing food plot is 41.3%,which is significantly higher than the control plot’s winter survival rate of 24.2%(P<0.01,n=628,χ^(2)=20.82)(Table 1).The winter survival rate of female and male Brandt’s vole in the increasing food plot is 45.4%and 37.3%respectively,which is significantly higher than the 25.8%and 22.6%winter survival rates of female and male Brandt’s voles in the control plot(P<0.01,n=311,χ^(2)=13.07)(P<0.01,n=316,χ^(2)=8.16)(Table 3).However,there is no significantly difference in winter survival rate between females and males in each plot(P>0.05)(Table 2).[Conclusion]Increasing food will raise the winter survival rate of Brandt’s vole,which play an important role in population growth in the next year.

关 键 词：布氏田鼠 越冬存活率 补充食物 种群密度 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]