脊髓损伤后神经环路重建的研究进展  

Research progress of neural circuit reconstruction after spinal cord injury

作　　者：王子珏 高钰丹 赵文[1] 郝飞[2] 郝鹏[1] 段红梅[1] 李晓光[1,3] 杨朝阳 WANG ZiJue;GAO YuDan;ZHAO Wen;HAO Fei;HAO Peng;DUAN HongMei;LI XiaoGuang;YANG ZhaoYang(Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences,Capital Medical University,Bejing 100069,China;Bejing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration,School of Enginering Medicine,Beihang University,Beijing 100083 China;Department of Biomedical Engineering,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系,北京100069 [2]北京航空航天大学工程医学院生物材料与神经再生重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物材料与神经再生北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2022年第10期1484-1494,共11页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:81941011,31730030,31971279,31900749,31771053,31650001,31670988);国家重点研发计划(批准号:2017YFC1104001,2017YFC1104002);北京市科技计划(批准号:Z181100001818007)资助。

摘　　要：成年哺乳类脊髓损伤后的修复与再生是一项复杂且尚未解决的挑战.随着全球经济的增长,脊髓损伤的发生率呈上升趋势.脊髓损伤可能导致永久性的运动功能障碍和感觉丧失,给患者及其家属带来极大的经济压力和心理负担.因此,迫切需要开发有效的治疗脊髓损伤的新策略.近年来,应用外源性或内源性神经元中继的治疗手段为脊髓损伤后环路重建提供了新的思路.将干细胞或生物材料等移植物作用于脊髓损伤区,可改善损伤区局部微环境,诱导神经干细胞定向分化为神经元,促进脊髓环路重建和功能恢复,因此成为较有临床应用前景的方法.本综述主要介绍细胞移植治疗、组织工程策略和基因调控等方法在修复受损脊髓的神经网络中的应用,并讨论了脊髓损伤后新生神经元是否具有潜在的功能整合,重建受损神经环路,并恢复其运动和感觉功能等问题.Spinal cord repair and regeneration in adult mammalians is a complicated and unresolved challenge after spinal cord injury(SCI). The incidence of SCI is increasing worldwide with the growing global economy. Motor and sensory functions can be permanently impaired after SCI, bringing huge economic pressure and psychological burden to paraplegic patients and their families. Therefore,there is an urgent need to discover effective strategies for the treatment of SCI. In recent years, the exogenous or endogenous neuronal relay therapy has provided new perspectives for local neural circuit reconstruction after SCI. The application of grafts such as stem cells or biomaterials to the lesion area can improve the local microenvironment and induce neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons, which has become a promising method to promote neural circuit reconstruction and functional recovery. This review focuses on the application of cell transplantation therapy, engineering strategies and gene regulation in repairing the neural network after SCI,it also discusses whether newborn neurons can have potential functional integration to rebuild neural circuits and restore motor and sensory functions after SCI.

关 键 词：脊髓损伤 再生微环境 环路重建 功能整合 

分 类 号：R651.2[医药卫生—外科学]