消炎药药渣堆放过程中真菌多样性分析  

Fungal diversity analysis during stacking process of anti-inflammatory herb residues

作　　者：程敏 郭鑫瑶 王梅竹 季晶焱 李小兵 康颖倩 CHENG Min;GUO Xinyao;WANG Meizhu;JI Jingyan;LI Xiaobing;KANG Yingqian(Department of Microbiology,School of Basic Medicine,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Research Talent Base for the Relationship Between Microbiology and Human Health in Guizhou Province,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology in Universities in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education of Guizhou,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Chishui Riverside Maotai-flavor Liquor Research Center,Guiyang 550003,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550009,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学基础医学院微生物学教研室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省微生物与人类健康关系研究人才基地,贵州省普通高校病原生物学特色重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州医科大学环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [4]贵州省赤水河畔酱酒研究中心,贵州贵阳550003 [5]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《菌物学报》2022年第10期1585-1596,共12页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060034);国家科技部及教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划资助“111计划”(D20009);贵州省科技厅社会发展攻关支撑项目[黔科合支撑(2019)2873];贵州省科学技术厅国际科技合作基地[黔科合平台人才(2020)4101];贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2020)4Y220];贵州省微生物与健康院士工作站([2020]4004);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2020]-16-24)。

摘　　要：中药药渣的处理是中药制药的难题,本研究利用Pac Bio Sequel高通量测序对堆放2年与5年的消炎药药渣进行理化性质及真菌多样性研究,为重要药渣的利用提供依据。分别对堆放2年(New 1–New 3)及5年(Old 1–Old 3)各3个消炎药渣高通量测序,共检测到43753条有效序列,堆放2年的药渣中共检测到4个门、86个属、126个种,节担菌纲、小丛壳目、曲霉属为优势类群。堆放5年的药渣中检测到3个门、49个属、59个种,Chaetomium novozelandicum及小囊菌科为优势类群。消炎药药渣功能组成分析发现,堆放2年的药渣中腐生型真菌占比67.7%、致病真菌占比32.3%;堆放5年的药渣中腐生型真菌占比96.8%,仅检测到极少数其他型真菌。堆放2年的药渣p H为4.9±0.2,含水量为49.2%;堆放5年的药渣p H为3.6±0.1,含水量为20.8%。结果表明,随着堆放时间的增加,药渣p H及含水量下降,真菌营养类型由腐生、致病与共生三者丰度相当转变为单一的腐生型,说明随着堆放时间的增加,腐生真菌丰度增加,药渣降解加快,研究结果为药渣的利用提供了一定依据。Preparation process of Chinese patent drug has resulted in huge amount of herb residues causing environmental problem.To illustrate the decomposed dynamics during the stacking process,fungal diversity in anti-inflammatory herb residues stacked for 2 and 5 years was analyzed by using PacBio Sequel sequencing.In total,43753 effective sequences were detected from 6 samples of anti-inflammatory herb residues(3 samples were stacked for 2 years and other 3 for 5 years).In total,86 genera and 126 species in 4 phyla were detected from the residues stacked for 2 years with the dominant taxa of Arthrophylla,Conidia and Aspergillus;49 genera and 59 species in 3 phyla were detected in the residues stacked for 5 years and Chaetomium novozelandicum and species of Microcystiaceae were the dominant taxa.Functional composition analysis of the herb residues showed that saprophytic and pathogenic fungi accounted for 67.7%and 32.3%respectively in the residues stacked for 2 years.In the residues stacked for 5 years,saprophytic fungi became extremely dominant,accounting for 96.8%,and only a few other types of fungi was detected.The pH values were 4.9 for the residues stacked for 2 years and decreased to 3.6 after stacking for 5 years.The water content decreased to 49.2%and 20.8%in the residues stacked for 2 years and 5 years respectively.The results showed that with the prolongation of stacking times,the residues became acidification and water loss,and the fungal functional groups also shifted from the mix of pathogenicity,symbiosis and saprophytism to single saprophytic form,indicating that the degradation of residues was accelerated.The results provided a basis for the management and utilization of Chinese herb residues.

关 键 词：特殊生物质 消炎 中草药渣 真菌多样性 高通量测序 

分 类 号：X787[环境科学与工程—环境工程]