中国车用催化剂中铂族金属的回收潜力研究  

Study on recovery potential of platinum group metals from automotive catalysts in China

作　　者：胡彪[1] 胡礼丹 HU Biao;HU Li-dan(School of Management,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学管理学院,天津300384

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2022年第5期2782-2791,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：我国铂族金属矿产资源稀缺,而汽车尾气排放标准的不断提升以及燃料电池车的出现加大了铂族金属的需求。因此为了更好地利用城市矿山解决铂族金属的供需矛盾,从我国铂族金属的第一大消费领域出发,研究铂族金属在汽车领域的代谢状况。通过自下而上模型计算车用催化剂中铂族金属的库存,并基于不同的模型分别预测2021—2035年汽油车催化剂、柴油车催化剂和燃料电池催化剂的在用库存,并在此基础上分别求得铂、钯、铑的再回收生产潜力及需求量。结果表明:到2035年铂、钯、铑需求分别为64.00 t、109.35 t、24.99 t;相应地,再回收生产潜力分别为46.10 t、105.51 t、18.34 t。在提高回收率的情况下,钯有望实现行业内部循环,而铂和铑还存在严重的供需矛盾。研究结果可为我国建立车用催化剂的回收体系和实施相关政策提供理论依据。In view of the scarcity of platinum group metal mineral resources in China,the continuous improvement of automobile exhaust emission standards and the emergence of fuel cells have increased the demand for platinum group metals.Therefore,it is necessary to study the metabolism of platinum group metals in automotive catalysts in China to explore their recycling potential.Considering that there are certain differences in the type and quantity of platinum group metals used in catalysts in gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles and fuel cell vehicles,and the attachment amount of platinum group metals in automotive catalysts is different under different standards.Therefore,in this paper,the in-use inventory of platinum group metals is calculated by the bottom-up model,and the evolution of catalyst inventory of gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles,and fuel cell catalyst inventory from 2021 to 2035 is predicted based on different models.Then the scrap amount of three kinds of automotive catalysts is calculated by the market supply A model.On this basis,the recycling production potential and demand of platinum,palladium and rhodium were obtained respectively.The results show that:(1)By 2035,the demand for Pt,Pd and Rh in automotive catalysts will be 64 t,109.35 t and 25.16 t,respectively,which far exceeds the proven PGM reserves in China at present;(2)With the increase of the use scale of fuel cell catalysts,the first application field of platinum will shift from diesel vehicle catalysts to fuel cell catalysts;(3)Because the market share of gasoline vehicle catalysts has always been the largest,palladium has always been the most potential platinum group metals in vehicle catalysts for recycling production;(4)rhodium in gasoline car catalyst and diesel car catalyst are contained,but the amount of attachment is very low,so in use inventory and scrap are very small;(5)The recovery potential of Pt,Pd and Rh is 33.85 t,105.51 t and 18.34 t.Pd is expected to realize the internal circulation in the industry under the condition of increa

关 键 词：环境工程学 城市矿山 铂族金属 车用催化剂 自下而上模型 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]