多学科融合与古代民族谱系研究  

The Integration of Multiple Disciplines Promotes the Ancient Ethnic Genealogy Research

作　　者：蒙海亮 MENG Hailiang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2022年第10期200-216,共17页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项“三至九世纪北方民族谱系研究”(20&ZD212);中国博士后科学基金“鲜卑勋贵族源与演化的跨学科研究”(KLH1322121)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民族是人群共同体,对其形成与演变(谱系)的研究充满挑战。分子人类学的兴起,给民族谱系研究增加了新的维度。但受限于学科壁垒和族群理论的影响,部分学者对其应用于历史研究,乃至谱系研究是否合理深表怀疑。在评析学界研究动态的基础上,以匈奴核心人群的兴起为例,阐释了探索民族谱系研究新范式的必要性与可行性。通过对匈奴早期人群和高勒毛都2号墓地M1大墓墓主遗传成分及墓地考古资料的分析,发现匈奴早期核心人群与蒙古高原石板墓人群密切相关;与当代人相比,在相貌、体质特征上则最接近北亚居民;单亲遗传标记(父系、母系)与全基因组水平的分析各有优点,需要根据具体问题选择相应的研究方法。匈奴构成复杂,尚有部分人群的谱系仍有待探讨,多学科融合的民族谱系研究是一种新探索。Understanding the formation and development(genealogy)of nationality,which is a changing issue within ethnic study.Here,the rising of molecular anthropology has provided a new perspective to ethnic genealogy studies.However,due to the influence of disciplinary barriers and ethnic group theory,some scholars doubted that molecular anthropology could be used in genealogical research,and even whether the genealogy research is reasonable or feasible.On the basis of the previous researches,this study focuses on the core lineages of Xiongnu("匈奴").By comparative analyses of genetic ancestries and archeological characteristics of the Gol Mod 2 site tomb 2 and early Xiongnu populations with other reference populations,we found that the core Xiongnu populations were closely related to the Slab Grave people on the Mongolian plateau.;Compared with modern populations,the appearance,physical characteristics are closest to Northern Asian populations.The core genetic componets of Xiongnu still remain unclear,especially the changes of the Xiongnu population after its southward migration,In a word,we should strengthen the cooperation among various disciplines and explore the new paradigm of ancient ethnic genealogy research.

关 键 词：古代民族 谱系研究 分子人类学 匈奴核心人群 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]