西洋参和铁皮石斛中重金属元素的污染情况及健康风险评估  

Assessment on pollution level and health risk of heavy metals elements in American ginseng and Dendrobium officinale

作　　者：陈芳芳 李志刚 王晓琳 王林 邵立君[1] 杨路平[1] 任晓菲 焦燕妮[1] CHEN Fang-fang;Li Zhi-gang;WANG Xiao-lin;WANG Lin;SHAO Li-jun;YANG Lu-ping;REN Xiao-fei;JIAO Yan-ni(Health Inspection and Testing Institute,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong,250014,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心卫生检验检测所,山东济南250014 [2]德州市德城区卫生综合执法大队

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2022年第10期730-733,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：山东省中医药科技项目(2021M221,2021M222,Q-2022090);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2019WS431,2019WS434)。

摘　　要：目的 了解山东省道地中药材西洋参和铁皮石斛中重金属元素的污染情况,评价其对人体健康的风险。方法 采集自山东威海的西洋参和山东德州的铁皮石斛中药材各30份,采用ICP-MS法检测其铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)元素含量,测汞仪法检测汞(Hg)元素含量;单因子污染指数法和Nemerow综合污染指数法对其污染情况进行评价;采用靶标危害系数法(THQ)、综合危害指数法(HI)评估Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg对人体非致癌健康风险,采用致癌风险因子(R)评估As对人体致癌健康风险。结果 西洋参和铁皮石斛2种中药材样品中所测元素均未超标,仅1份铁皮石斛中检出Hg元素。单因子污染指数显示西洋参和铁皮石斛中各元素均处于安全水平,综合污染指数结果显示西洋参和铁皮石斛P分别为0.320和0.064,为安全水平。非致癌健康风险评估结果显示Hg、Pb、Cd元素的THQ值均<1.00;西洋参中Cu的第95百分位数的THQ值>1.00。西洋参和铁皮石斛的第95百分位数的总危害指数HI均>1.00。As致癌健康风险R值均<1×10^(-5)。结论 山东省道地中药材西洋参和铁皮石斛中重金属在标准限值范围内,污染程度较轻,整体风险较低。Objective To understand the pollution of heavy metals in American ginseng and Dendrobium officinale in Shandong province, and evaluate the human health risks. Methods A total of 30 American ginsengs samples of Chinese medicinal materials from Weihai city, Shandong province and 30 samples of Dendrobium officinale from Dezhou city, Shandong province were collected.The contents of copper(Cu),lead(Pb),arsenic(As) and cadmium(Cd) were determined by ICP-MS,and the content of mercury(Hg) was determined by mercury meter;The risk of the pollution were evaluated by single factor pollution index and nemerow comprehensive pollution index method;Non-carcinogenic health risks of Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg were assessed by target hazard coefficient method(THQ) and comprehensive hazard index method(HI),and cancer risk factor(R) was used in As to evaluate human health risk of cancer. Results The elements measured in the 2 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials were in permitted limits, and Hg was found in only 1 sample of Dendrobium officinale.Single factor pollution index showed that all elements in American ginseng and Dendrobium officinale were at safe levels, according to the nemerow comprehensive pollution index, American ginseng and Dendrobium officinale were 0.32 and 0.064,respectively, which were both in safe levels.The THQs of Hg, Pb and Cd were all less than 1.00,the THQ of the 95 th percentile of Cu in American ginseng was greater than 1.00.HIs of the 95 th percentile in American ginseng and Dendrobium officinale were greater than 1.00.The R values of carcinogenic health risk of As were all less than 1×10^(-5). Conclusion The heavy metals in American ginseng and Dendrobium officinale in Shandong province are within the standard limits, the pollution degree is slight, and the health risk is low.

关 键 词：中药材 铁皮石斛 西洋参 重金属 污染评价 健康风险 

分 类 号：R917[医药卫生—药物分析学]