南京市沿江地区血吸虫病流行因素监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis of epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis in area along Yangtze River in Nanjing City

作　　者：谢朝勇[1] 王毓[1] 何伊莎[1] 周玮[1] 殷位刚[1] 杨佩才[1] XIE Chao-yong;WANG Yu;HE Yi-sha;ZHOU Wei;YIN Wei-gang;YANG Pei-cai(Department of Schistosomiasis,Endemic Diseases and Parasitic Diseases,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing Jiangsu,210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心血地寄防制科,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第20期2779-2782,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：江苏省血地寄防应用性科研课题(X201815)。

摘　　要：目的评估沿江重点区域血吸虫病传播的潜在风险,为南京市血吸虫病传播阻断后江滩地区做好监测、控制工作提供依据。方法在南京市江北新区玉带社区和六合区大河口社区开展人群血吸虫病病情调查、江滩野鼠和野粪污染情况以及江滩钉螺调查,评价和分析沿江地区血吸虫病传播阻断后潜在传播风险和防控效果。结果2018—2020年,在南京市沿江2个社区调查当地居民2143人,调查渔民246人,当地居民与渔民的血检阳性率分别为2.19%和7.32%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.889,P<0.05),未查到粪检阳性患者。2019年12月—2020年4月,在4块江滩共投放鼠夹1200只,捕获野鼠77只,野鼠捕获率6.42%,捕获鼩鼱21只,鼩鼱捕获率1.75%,未发现感染血吸虫的野鼠和鼩鼱。2020年4月,在4块江滩检获野粪8份,其中狗粪1份、人粪3份、其他野粪4份,对检获的野粪检测未检出阳性。2018—2020年,在4块江滩开展螺情调查,平均活螺密度为0.32~0.40只/0.1 m^(2),捕获钉螺3901只,捕获钉螺全部解剖未发现感染性钉螺。结论南京市沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险低,血吸虫病防治效果稳定,但江滩野鼠和人的粪便污染是血吸虫病疫情发生的重要隐患。Objective To evaluate the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in key areas along the Yangtze River,provide the evidences for surveillance and control in marshland area of Nanjing City after schistosomiasis transmission interrupted.Methods The investigations on schistosomiasis among population in Yudai Community of Jiangbei New Area and Dahekou Community of Luhe District of Nanjing City,rats and fecal pollution in marshland area,and snails infection in marshland area were conducted,to assess and analyze the potential transmission risks and control effects after transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in the area along Yangtze River.Results From 2018 to 2020,a total of 2143 local residents and 246 fishermen were investigated in two communities along the Yangtze River in Nanjing City,the positive rate of local residents and fishermen was 2.19%and 7.32%respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=21.889,P<0.05).No positive fecal was founded.From December 2019 to April 2020,a total of 1200 traps were put into four riverbanks,and 77 wild mice and21 shrews were captured.The capture rate of wild rodents and shrews was 6.42%and 1.75%respectively.No wild mice or shrews infected with schistosoma were founded.In April 2020,eight pieces of wild feces were picked from four river beaches,including one piece of dog feces,three pieces of human feces and four pieces of other wild feces,and no positive feces was founded.From2018 to 2020,a snail survey was conducted in four riverbanks,the average living snail density was 0.32-0.40/0.1 m^(2),and 3901oncomelania snails were captured.No infectious snail was founded after dissection.Conclusion The transmission risk of schistosomiasis in area along the Yangtze River of Nanjing City is low,and the control effect of schistosomiasis is stable,however,the pollution of wild mice and human feces in riverbanks are important hidden dangers of schistosomiasis epidemic.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 保虫宿主 钉螺 监测 南京市 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学]