2021年武汉市新建地铁站室内空气污染特征及干预效果评估  

Indoor air pollution characteristics and intervention effect evaluation of new subway stations in Wuhan City in 2021

作　　者：石斌[1] 刘俊玲[1] 王佩 石梦蝶[1] 胡迅[1] SHI Bin;LIU Jun-ling;WANG Pei;SHI Meng-die;HU Xun(Institute of Environmental Health and Food Safety,Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan Hubei,430024,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与食品安全所,湖北武汉430024

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第20期2834-2837,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：湖北省卫健委2019年度预防专项重大项目(WJ2019H303);武汉预防医学科研专项(WJ2019H303)。

摘　　要：目的分析2021年武汉市新建地铁站室内空气污染特征,评估机械通风对地铁站室内空气污染的干预效果。方法2021年11—12月,从武汉市2条新建地铁线中随机抽取50%的站点对其室内空气进行检测,不合格站点在集中空调通风系统全新风模式运行24 h后,再次对其室内空气进行检测。结果2021年武汉市新建地铁站室内空气检测指标中细菌总数、可吸入颗粒物、甲苯、二甲苯、总挥发性有机物、氨的质量浓度M(P_(25),P_(75))分别为21(10,33)个/皿、0.102(0.077,0.124)、0.011(0.008,0.013)、0.033(0.021,0.041)、0.463(0.359,0.663)和0.152(0.136,0.211)mg/m^(3),合格率分别为80.00%、90.00%、96.67%、96.67%、73.33%和3.33%。线路间比较显示,甲醛、总挥发性有机物浓度水平差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),污染浓度水平A线路[甲醛为0.025(0.016,0.037)mg/m^(3),总挥发性有机物为0.863(0.446,1.222)mg/m^(3)]均高于B线路[甲醛为0.016(0.013,0.019 mg/m^(2)),总挥发性有机物为0.412(0.333,0.486)mg/m^(3)];站厅、站台间比较显示,细菌总数、可吸入颗粒物浓度水平差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),污染浓度水平站台层[细菌总数为29(12,53)个/皿,可吸入颗粒物为0.109(0.090,0.124)mg/m^(3)]均高于站厅层[细菌总数为14(5,28)个/皿,可吸入颗粒物为0.093(0.059,0.128)mg/m^(3)]。干预实验结果显示,干预后室内空气总挥发性有机物、氨、细菌总数合格率均为100.00%,干预前、后污染物浓度水平差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论2021年武汉市新建地铁站室内空气化学性、生物性污染较为严重,污染物长期蓄积和缺乏有效通风可能是其主要污染原因,适当的机械通风能有效降低各类污染物浓度。Objective To analyze the indoor air pollution characteristics of new subway stations in Wuhan City in 2021,evaluate the intervention effect of mechanical ventilation on indoor air pollution of subway stations.Methods From November to December 2021,50%of stations were randomly from two new subway lines in Wuhan City to detect their indoor air.The indoor air of unqualified stationswere tested again after 24 hours of operation of central air conditioning ventilation system in full fresh air mode.Results In 2021,the mass concentrations M(P_(25),P_(75))of the indoor air detection indexesof new subway stations in Wuhan City,including total number of bacteria,inhalable particulate matter,toluene,xylene,total volatile organic compounds and ammonia,were 21(10,33)cells/dish,0.102(0.077,0.124),0.011(0.008,0.013),0.033(0.021,0.041),0.463(0.359,0.663)and 0.152(0.136,0.211)mg/m^(3),respectively,and the qualified rate was 80.00%,90.00%,96.67%,96.67%,73.33%and 3.33%,respectively.There were statistically significantdifferences in the concentration levels of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds between lines(all P<0.05).The concentration levels of formaldehyde[0.025(0.016,0.037)mg/m^(3)]and total volatile organic compounds[0.863(0.446,1.222)mg/m^(3)]in line A were higher than those in line B[formaldehyde level was 0.016(0.013,0.019)mg/m^(3),total volatile organic compounds level was 0.412(0.333,0.486)mg/m^(3)].There were statistically significantdifferences in the concentration levels of total number of bacteria and inhalable particulate matter between the station hall and the platform(all P<0.05).The pollutionconcentration levels of the platform layer[total number of bacteria was 29(12,53)cells/dish,inhalable particulate matter level was 0.109(0.090,0.124)mg/m^(3)]were higher than those of the station hall layer[total number of bacteria was 14(5,28)cells/dish,inhalable particulate matter level was 0.093(0.059,0.128)mg/m^(3)].The results of the intervention experiment showed that the qualified rates of total volatile

关 键 词：地铁 室内空气 污染特征 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]