中资企业在中国大豆进口中的地位分析  

Analysis on the Position of Chinese Companies in China′s Soybean Imports

作　　者：罗屹 张昆扬 韩静波 黄汉权[1] 张建杰 武拉平[2] LUO Yi;ZHANG Kun-yang;HAN Jing-bo;HUANG Han-quan;ZHANG Jian-jie;WU La-ping(Center for Price Cost Investigation,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100045,China;College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Engineering Management and Real Estate,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]国家发展和改革委员会价格成本调查中心,北京100045 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [3]河南财经政法大学工程管理与房地产学院,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《大豆科学》2022年第5期600-609,共10页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家发展改革委(全球大豆供需和市场运行情况研究);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-43)。

摘　　要：大豆作为重要的油脂和蛋白饲料原料,在中国粮食贸易及国家食物安全中占有重要地位。基于中国大豆生产、贸易宏观数据和企业进口微观数据,本文从宏观和企业微观层面分析中国大豆进口结构及其变化。结果表明:第一,巴西已经超过美国成为中国大豆第一大进口来源地,中国进口数量占其73%的出口量。第二,2015—2020年,中国大豆进口企业数量从268个增加至273个,进口来源国数量为12个左右;企业进口总次数从13 847次上升至19 575次,企业单次进口数量从5 899.4 t下降至5 144.5 t,单次进口金额从1 558.9万元下降至1 406.4万元。第三,大豆进口企业集中度越来越高,前十大企业进口总量占比由58.2%上升至72.8%。第四,主要大豆进口企业的货源地存在差异,各企业之间的大豆进口单价差异较小,外资企业的价格优势逐渐减弱。As an important oil and protein feed ingredient, soybean plays an important role in China′s food trade and food security. Based on China′s soybean production, trade data and enterprise import data, we analyzed China′s soybean import and its changes from macro and corporate micro levels. The results show that, first, Brazil has become China′s largest import source of soybeans, and China′s imports account for 73% of its total soybean exports. Second, from 2015 to 2020, the number of soybean import companies increased from 268 to 273;the total times of imports by companies rose from 13 847 to 19 575, the quantities of soybeans imported each time by companies fell from 5 899.4 t to 5 144.5 t, and the import value dropped from 15.589 million yuan to 14.064 million yuan each time. Third, the proportion of total imports by the top ten companies has risen from 58.2% to 72.8%. Fourth, there are differences in the sources of supply of major soybean importing enterprises, and the difference in the unit price of soybean imports between enterprises is small, and the price advantage of foreign-funded enterprises is gradually weakened.

关 键 词：大豆 进口 企业 粮食安全 

分 类 号：F323.7[经济管理—产业经济] F752.61