中国辣椒育种60年回顾与展望  

Review and Prospects of Pepper Breeding for the Past 60 Years in China

作　　者：邹学校 胡博文 熊程 戴雄泽[1] 刘峰[1] 欧立军 杨博智[1] 刘周斌 索欢 徐昊 朱凡 远方 ZOU Xuexiao;HU Bowen;XIONG Cheng;DAI Xiongze;LIU Feng;OU Lijun;YANG Bozhi;LIU Zhoubin;SUO Huan;XU Hao;ZHU Fan;YUAN Fang(College of Horticulture,Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学风景园林与艺术设计学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《园艺学报》2022年第10期2099-2118,共20页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-24-A-05);国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130097);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2028)。

摘　　要：本文中介绍了中国辣椒育种60年的重要成就,包括种质资源的搜集、鉴定、评价、利用和创制,杂种优势利用、花药培养、分子育种、多抗性育种、穿梭育种等育种技术创新取得的重要贡献,20世纪80年代前的辣椒育种和1980年后辣椒育种国家科技攻关的情况。20世纪80年代以来中国辣椒育种在产业需求拉动下经过高产育种、生育期育种、抗病育种、耐贮藏运输育种、加工专用品种育种、高品质育种、机械化采收育种等几个阶段,经40多年的发展,已全面建立了现代化的辣椒商业育种体系,育种水平世界领先,具有自主知识产权国产品种的市场占有率95%以上。中国辣椒育种形成中国独特的行业特点,如门槛低、风险小、见效快、队伍大、品种多、成效好等,但也存在一些严重影响辣椒种业发展的问题,如辣椒品种同质化现象严重、辣椒种子经营企业难以做大、辣椒分子育种技术研究进展缓慢、温室长季节栽培品种、观赏辣椒品种明显落后发达国家导致种子主要依靠进口等。因此,中国辣椒育种未来发展方向是高品质育种、适合机械化生产品种的育种和具有药用和功能成分品种的育种、特色优异地方品种的开发及育种、繁种技术的创新。This paper introduces the important achievements of pepper breeding over the past 60 years in China.It includes the collection,identification,evaluation,utilization and exploration of germplasm resources.The paper also discusses the important advancement in breeding technologies which includes heterosis utilization,anther culture,marker-assisted selection(MAS),multiple resistance breeding and shuttle breeding.In addition,the history of pepper breeding is reviewed,including the traditional breeding before 1980s and the modern breeding guided with National scientific and technological research after 1980s.Then,driven by the industrial demands,China’s pepper breeding has been undergoing several major optimizations:increasing yield,adjusting growth period,enhancing disease resistance,breeding for easy storage and transportation,breeding processed-food-specific varieties,improving product quality,and breeding for mechanized harvesting.After more than four decades of development,a modern and world-leading commercial pepper breeding system has been completely established.Domestic varieties with independent intellectual property rights are taking over 95%of market share across the country.Meanwhile,there are several unique advantages of in China’s pepper breeding industry,such as low barrier to entry,low risk,high efficiency,large team,rich varieties,and high effectiveness.However,there are also several problems that strongly restrict the development of the pepper seed industry in China,including homogenization of pepper varieties,difficulty in expanding pepper seed business enterprises and slow research progress of pepper molecular breeding technology.Long-season varieties cultivated in green house and ornamental pepper varieties are mainly imported because the pepper breeding in China is still lagging behind developed countries.Therefore,the future directions for pepper breeding in China will be improving product quality,producing varieties suitable for mechanized production,breeding varieties with medicinal or oth

关 键 词：辣椒 育种 辣椒育种特点 种业存在问题 发展趋势 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]