施氮量对巨胚水稻产量、品质及γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate on yield,quality,andγ-aminobutyric acid content of giant embryo rice

作　　者：胡明明 兰艳[1] 彭立功 李从美 陈光毅 况湖东 何星枚 杨洪 张秋秋 梁朝德 李天[1] HU Ming-ming;LAN Yan;PENG Li-gong;LI Cong-mei;CHEN Guang-yi;KUANG Hu-dong;HE Xing-mei;YANG Hong;ZHANG Qiu-qiu;LIANG Chao-de;LI Tian(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第11期1947-1963,共17页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2020YFH0146)。

摘　　要：【目的】巨胚水稻富含对人体具有多种调节功能的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),明确施氮量对巨胚水稻产量和品质的影响,以期为巨胚水稻合理施用氮肥提供科学依据。【方法】于2020—2021年在四川农业大学崇州市现代化农业科研园区进行大田试验,以巨胚水稻J20和常规水稻越光为材料,设置0(N_(0))、90(N_(90))、135(N_(135))、180(N_(180))、225(N_(225))kg/hm^(2)5个施氮水平,测定了不同处理下巨胚水稻产量、加工品质、外观品质、淀粉RVA谱特征值、食味值、蛋白质含量、17种水解氨基酸含量及功能成分γ-氨基丁酸含量。【结果】两水稻品种的产量均以N_(135)处理最高,这与其具有较高的有效穗数和每穗颖花数有关。随着施氮量增加,稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、GABA含量和胚重量呈先增后降的趋势;垩白粒率、垩白度呈先降后增的趋势,均以N_(135)处理最低;米质、功能成分GABA含量和胚重量在施氮量高于135 kg/hm^(2)后均下降。随着施氮量的增加,稻米的峰值黏度显著下降,各施氮处理的平均峰值黏度较N_(0)处理分别下降了7.44%(J20)和9.74%(越光),崩解值、消减值和糊化温度对施氮量总体上不敏感;J20外观、口感和食味值随着施氮量增加而显著下降,各施氮处理的平均食味值较N_(0)处理下降了10.73%,越光水稻外观、口感和食味值表现为N_(135)>N_(0)>N_(90)>N_(180)>N_(225),但N_(135)与N_(0)处理外观品质差异不显著。随着施氮量增加,两个品种的蛋白质含量均呈增加趋势,N_(225)处理达到最大,分别较N_(0)处理增加了10.29%(J20)和8.62%(越光);各水解氨基酸的含量也整体呈增加趋势,N_(225)处理下两个品种的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、非必需氨基酸含量分别较N_(0)处理增加了29.25%、23.49%、31.68%(J20)和19.34%、14.88%、21.33%(越光)。根据水稻产量、糙米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、GABA含量与施氮量建立的效应方程�【Objectives】Giant embryo rice is highly nutritious because it is rich inγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA).Here,we studied the suitable N application rate for high yield,quality and GABA content of giant embryo rice.【Methods】In 2020 and 2021,field experiments were conducted in the Modern Agricultural Scientific Research Park of Chongzhou City,Sichuan Agricultural University,using giant embryo rice cultivar J20 and Koshihikari as test materials.Five N dosages of 0(N_(0)),90(N_(90)),135(N_(135)),180(N_(180)),and 225(N_(225))kg/hm^(2) were applied.The yield,processing quality,appearance quality,starch RVA spectrum characteristic value,taste value,protein content,17 hydrolyzed amino acids andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)content were investigated.【Results】Both rice cultivars reached the maximum yield and higher effective panicle and spikelet number per panicle in N_(135).With increasing N dosage,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,GABA content,and embryo weight of rice increased at first and then decreased.The chalky grain rate and chalkiness decreased at first and then increased,with the lowest value recorded in N_(135).The N dosage higher than N_(135) decreased the functional component and embryo weight.Increasing N dosage(P<0.05)decreased the peak viscosity of rice,with the average decrease under N application reaching 7.44%(J20)and 9.74%(Koshihikar),respectively.N application rate did not change(P>0.05)the breakdown and setback values and the pasting temperature.The appearance,taste,and taste value of J20 decreased as N dosage increased(P<0.05),with an average decrease of 10.73%in the taste value recorded in N_(0) treatment.For Koshihikari,the appearance,taste,and taste value were in the order N_(135)>N_(0)>N_(90)>N_(180)>N_(225).The protein content total amino acid,essential amino acid,and non-essential amino acid content of the two cultivars increased with the increasing N application rate.The suitable range of N application rate for high yield and good quality of the two rice cultivars was esti

关 键 词：巨胚水稻 施氮量 产量 品质 Γ-氨基丁酸 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]