细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶在植物矿质营养中的作用  

Roles of plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPases in plant mineral nutrition

作　　者：戴森焕 吴海诚 张茂星 丁明 朱毅勇[3] 曾后清[1] DAI Sen-huan;WU Hai-cheng;ZHANG Mao-xing;DING Ming;ZHU Yi-yong;ZENG Hou-qing(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311121,China;Foshan University,Foshan,Guangdong 528225,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江杭州311121 [2]佛山科学技术学院,广东佛山528225 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第11期2118-2129,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF1000404,2022YFE0198100);国家自然科学基金项目(32102482);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY20C150002);杭州市留学回国人员创新创业项目。

摘　　要：细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶是植物体内一类重要的质子泵,也是一种极其关键的转运蛋白,在植物各种生命活动中具有重要的功能。本文综述了细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶的活性调控机制,及其在植物根系吸收与利用矿质营养中的生理作用。细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶通过消耗ATP将细胞质中的H^(+)排出,为养分离子的跨膜转运,以及有机酸和生物硝化抑制剂等物质的分泌提供细胞膜电位和质子驱动力。在缺磷、缺铁和铝毒等营养逆境下,细胞膜H+-ATP酶在受诱导后通过分泌H^(+)使根际酸化,从而提高磷和铁的有效性,还通过促进有机酸分泌来活化土壤中的矿物态磷,并且可以降低铝离子的毒害。此外,细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶还参与调节植物根系的生长以及植物与丛枝菌根真菌的共生。通过遗传途径调节细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶及其上游调节因子,如蛋白激酶和磷酸酶等基因的表达,以及对细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶的特定氨基酸位点进行突变,可以改良作物细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶的活性。这是一种提高作物养分利用效率、增强作物抵抗营养逆境的有效策略。Plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPase(PMA),a kind of essential proton pump in plants,is an extremely critical transporter playing vital roles during the whole life of plants.This paper reviews the regulatory mechanism of PMA activity,and the role of PMA in plant root growth,organic acid exudation,mineral nutrient absorption and nutrient stress adaptation,and provides perspective on future research and the potential application in agricultural production by modulating the expression of PMA genes in crops.PMA pumps H^(+)out of the cytoplasm by consuming ATP to establish membrane potential and provide electrochemical gradient and proton driving force for the transmembrane transport of various nutrient ions,as well as for the secretion of organic acids and hydrophilic biological nitrification inhibitors.Under nutritional stress such as phosphorus deficiency,iron deficiency and aluminum toxicity,PMA is induced and acidifies the rhizosphere by excreting H^(+),thus improving the availability of phosphorus and iron.PMA also helps to release phosphorus from phosphate rocks and reduces the toxicity of aluminum ions by promoting the exudation of organic acid.In addition,PMA is involved in regulating the growth of plant roots and the establishment of symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Modulating the expression of PMA genes,and genes encoding protein kinases and/or phosphatases that regulate PMA activities,or modifying the specific amino acid of PMA proteins can regulate the activity of PMA,and this is a potential strategy to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and nutrient stress resistance in crops.

关 键 词：细胞膜H^(+)-ATP酶 矿质元素 养分吸收 养分胁迫 有机酸分泌 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]