致密砂岩储层孔喉结构研究进展  

Research progress of pore-throat structure in tight sandstone formation

作　　者：刘广峰 王连鹤[1] 孙仲博 王俊涛 姜帆[1] LIU Guangfeng;WANG Lianhe;SUN Zhongbo;WANG Juntao;JIANG Fan(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Engineering Research Center of Gas Resource Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Research Institute of Oil and Gas Technology,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)气体能源开发与利用教育部工程研究中心,北京102249 [3]中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院,西安710018

出　　处：《石油科学通报》2022年第3期406-419,共14页Petroleum Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“致密砂岩脆性控制机理与声发射评价方法研究”(51404282);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金“气体能源开发与利用教育部工程研究中心”(ZX20200060)联合资助。

摘　　要：产状、大小分布和连通性等微观孔喉结构决定了致密砂岩储层的物性和油气水渗流特征,其定量和科学表征对储层评价和渗流机理研究具有重要意义。系统总结了图像型和反演型2类10种主要孔喉结构测试技术的原理、特点与适用性,分析了致密砂岩孔喉大小、分形、连通性及网络结构等特征及其表征方法,讨论了基于应力变化的动态孔喉结构特征、基于孔喉结构特征的提高采收率技术等2方面研究趋势。致密砂岩孔喉尺度跨度大且结构复杂,需综合采用多种测试技术与表征方法以全面准确厘定孔喉结构特征;随着开发过程中油气藏压力的降低,孔喉结构发生动态的变化;较大喉道及其连通的孔隙体积是决定储层渗流能力及开发效果的关键因素;降低可动喉道半径是提高喉道波及效率、提升致密储层开发效率的重要途经。动态孔喉结构的表征方法及相应的渗流特征、降低可动喉道半径下限的方法尚需开展深入研究。The physical properties and the seepage characteristics of oil, gas and water in tight sandstone reservoir are significantly determined by occurrence, size distribution and connectivity of pore-throat structure. In this paper, the principle,characteristics and applicability of image analysis technology and inversion analysis technology including 10 kinds of the main pore-throat structure analytical techniques were summarized;the characteristics and characterizing methods of pore-throat size,fractal, connectivity and network structure were analyzed;and the research tendency of dynamic pore-throat structure characteristics based on various stress and enhance oil recovery technology based on pore-throat structure characteristics was estimated.Due to the complexity of pore-throat size distribution and pore-throat structure of tight sandstone, a variety of testing techniques and characterization methods should be adopted to achieve the comprehensive and accurate determination of pore-throat structure. During the development, as a decrease of reservoir pressure, the pore-throat structure changes dynamically. Moreover, the seepage and development are determined by the large throats and pore volume connected by large throats. Decreasing the cutoff throat radius is an important way to improve the sweep efficiency of throat and the development efficiency of tight reservoir. The characterization method of dynamic pore-throat structure and its corresponding seepage characteristics as well as the method to decrease the cutoff throat radius still need to be further studied in the future.

关 键 词：致密砂岩 孔喉结构 分析技术 表征方法 动态孔喉结构 可动喉道半径 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]