协助抓捕型立功的司法认定  

Judicial Recognition of Meritorious Service in Assisting in Arrest

作　　者：袁佩君 YUAN Peijun(School of Law,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院,北京102488

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2022年第4期87-97,共11页Journal of Henan Police College

摘　　要：立功是我国重要的刑罚量刑情节,亦是当前宽严相济刑事政策的具体化、法律化。协助抓捕型立功作为立功制度中最重要的组成部分,现有的司法解释以明示列举的方式对其进行限缩性描述,客观上明确其与坦白、自首的边界,也凸显出协助抓捕型立功在理论上易于定义,但在实践中难以把控。对于“协助”行为的实质性评价,认定立功的时间起始,抓捕结果的有效性以及抓捕对象的特殊性等问题,司法实践中认定标准不统一。认定协助抓捕型立功需要满足以下条件:首先,协助行为对最终抓捕结果具有助益作用,但不必苛求该行为与犯罪嫌疑人被抓捕的因果唯一性;其次,被抓捕对象最终是否定罪处罚不影响行为人立功的认定;最后,协助抓捕型立功的时机条件应当从“犯罪后”起算到刑罚执行完毕时为止。除此之外,比如规劝其他犯罪嫌疑人自首等疑难认定情形,也应当归属于协助抓捕型立功,对抓捕到的犯罪嫌疑人非现场性的辨认以及抓捕线索的来源问题,相关司法解释虽有所规定但仍需区分情况并具体分析。Meritorious service is an important sentencing circumstance in China, which is also the concretization and legalization of the current criminal policy of leniency and severity. As the most important part of the meritorious service system, the existing judicial interpretations explicitly enumerate the limited descriptions, which objectively clarify the boundary with confession and surrender, and also highlight the difficulty that it is easy to be defined in theory, but difficult to be controlled in practice. In judicial practice, there is no uniform standard for the substantive evaluation of the act of "assisting", the starting point for the determination of merit, the validity of the result of the arrest and the specificity of the target of the arrest. The following conditions need to be met: first, the act of assistance has a beneficial effect on the final result of the arrest, but it is not necessary to demand the uniqueness of the cause and effect of the act and the arrest of the suspect;second, whether the object of arrest is ultimately convicted and punished does not affect the determination of the perpetrator’s meritorious service;finally, the timing of assisting in arresting a criminal should be counted from "after the crime" to the time when the penalty is executed. In addition, such as persuading other criminal suspects to surrender and some other situations that are hard to identify should also be classified as Meritorious Service in Assisting in Arrest, the off-site identification of the arrested suspect and the source of arrest clues, although the relevant judicial interpretations are provided but still need to distinguish the situation and specific analysis.

关 键 词：立功 协助抓捕 时机条件 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]