海运船舶尾气洗涤废水中多环芳烃对海洋污染的研究现状及展望  

Research status and prospect of marine pollution caused by PAHs in exhaust gas scrubber washwater effluent

作　　者：张丽 杨懿 顾毅康 张文婷 刘瑞杰 ZHANG Li;YANG Yi;GU Yikang;ZHANG Wenting;LIU Ruijie(Shanghai Maritime University,College of Ocean Science and Engineering,Shanghai 201306,China;Pyxis Marine Limited,Shanghai 201206,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306 [2]上海启盘海洋科技有限公司,上海202106

出　　处：《海洋通报》2022年第5期491-501,共11页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市科委科技创新行动计划资助项目(17DZ1202906)。

摘　　要：分析了海运船舶尾气洗涤废水排放对多环芳烃(PAHs)类污染物的海洋富集行为的影响以及对PAHs控制的制约因素和净化技术发展现状。PAHs的海洋富集趋势与船舶的发动机尾气排放行为呈正相关性,且船舶尾气洗涤废水排放加速了PAHs向海洋中富集。国际海事组织(IMO)尚未对在PAHs中占比大且毒性强的烷基化多环芳烃进行立法限制,但单方面采取措施禁止船舶尾气洗涤废水在其所属海域排放的国家和地区日益增多,洗涤废水排放的PAHs类污染物亟须净化处理。将高级氧化光催化技术应用于洗涤废水排放的PAHs净化具有发展前景。我国应抓住机遇,大力开展针对海洋PAHs的排放限制立法以及船舶尾气洗涤废水处理先进技术的研究,这对于提升我国海事管理水平、增大国际话语权,以及保护海洋生态安全具有重要意义。The impact of the exhaust gas scrubber washwater effluent from marine transport vessels on the accumulation behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the ocean,the restriction factors on the control of PAHs contaminants and the development of PAHs purification technology were reviewed.The tendency of PAHs accumulation in the ocean is positively correlated with the exhaust gas scrubber behavior of ship engines.Exhaust gas scrubber washwater effluent accelerated the accumulation of PAHs in the ocean.The International Maritime Organization(IMO)has not legislated to limit alkylated PAHs,which take a large proportion of PAHs and are much more toxic than their parent.A growing number of countries and regions have taken unilateral measures to prohibit the exhaust gas scrubber washwater effluent in their waters.It is urgent to purify PAHs pollutants from the scrubber washwater.Advanced oxidation photocatalysis technology has a promising prospect for the purification of PAHs.China should seize the opportunity to carry out legislation on marine PAHs emission limitation and research on advanced scrubber washwater treatment technologies,which is of great significance to improve China’s maritime management level,and protect marine ecological security.

关 键 词：船舶尾气洗涤废水 多环芳烃 海洋污染 国际海事组织 高级氧化光催化 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]