互花米草化学治理对天津附近海域水质和沉积物质量的影响  

Effects of chemical control of Spartina alterniflora on water quality and sediment quality in the sea area near Tianjin

作　　者：王红 阚文静[1] 谭晓璇[3] 徐玉山 薄文杰[1] 靳玉丹 WANG Hong;KAN Wenjing;TAN Xiaoxuan;XU Yushan;BO Wenjie;JIN Yudan(Tianjin Marine Environmental Center Station,State Oceanic Administration,Tianjin 300457,China;Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Marine Advisory Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局天津海洋环境监测中心站,天津300457 [2]天津科技大学,天津300457 [3]自然资源部海洋咨询中心,北京100071

出　　处：《海洋通报》2022年第5期572-581,共10页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：海洋环境安全保障项目(2019YFC1407801);北海局海洋科技项目(202115);山东省海洋重点实验室开放基金项目(202004)。

摘　　要：互花米草作为入侵物种对潮间带滩涂和盐沼具有严重的生态危害性,化学方法治理互花米草具有简便、快速、彻底和成本低等特点,但化学药剂存在一定毒性,可能会对周边环境带来一系列不利影响,然而目前有关化学治理措施所带来的环境影响的研究较少。本文基于2017年8-11月的调查数据,研究了天津市永定河河口附近滩涂互花米草化学治理对附近海域海水水质和潮间带沉积物产生的影响,对调查海域海水水质和沉积物质量进行了评价。调查与评价结果表明,无机氮、活性磷酸盐和化学需氧量(COD)为调查海域的主要污染因子,硫化物为潮间带沉积物的主要污染因子。施药后特征污染物——草甘膦检测值高于本底值,所有站位均未检出磺酰脲类除草剂。综合来看,化学治理对附近海域海洋环境的影响较小。As an invasive species,Spartina alterniflora has serious ecological harm to intertidal mudflat and salt marshes.Chemical treatment of Spartina alterniflora has the characteristics of simplicity,rapidity,thoroughness and low cost.However,chemical agents have certain toxicity,which may bring a series of adverse effects on the surrounding environment.However,there are few studies on the environmental impacts of chemical control measures.Based on the data collected from August to November 2017,the effects of chemical treatment of Spartina alterniflora on seawater quality and intertidal sediments in the nearby sea area of the Yongding River Estuary in Tianjin were studied,and the seawater quality and sediment quality in the investigated sea area were evaluated.The results of investigation and evaluation show that inorganic nitrogen,active phosphate and chemical oxygen demand(COD)are the main pollution factors in the investigated sea area,and sulfide is the main pollution factor in the intertidal sediments.The detection value of characteristic pollutant glyphosate after application was higher than the background value,and no sulfonylurea herbicides were detected in all stations.Overall,chemical treatment has little impact on the marine environment of the nearby sea area.

关 键 词：互花米草 化学治理 天津近岸海域 环境影响 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X83[环境科学与工程—环境工程]