四价流感疫苗研发及应用进展  

Progress in development and application of quadrivalent influenza virus vaccine

作　　者：吴业红 张雪梅 WU Ye-hong;ZHANG Xue-mei(Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130012,Jilin Province,China)

机构地区：[1]长春生物制品研究所有限责任公司,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2022年第10期1153-1159,1168,共8页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划(20210204082YY)。

摘　　要：流感是由流感病毒引起的一种全球性传染病,人群普遍易感。流感病毒根据核蛋白(nucleoprotein,NP)和基质蛋白的差异可分为甲、乙、丙、丁型,其中能够感染人的主要为甲型和乙型。在大多数流感季节中,甲型流感病毒导致的流感病例占大多数,被认为具有更大的风险,能够导致流感大流行,但乙型流感病毒也造成了巨大的公共卫生负担,特别在儿童和老年等高危人群。此外,自2001—2002年流感季节以来,B型流感的两个谱系B/Victoria和B/Yamagata由交替流行转为共同流行。当流感疫苗B型抗原成分与流行毒株之间不匹配时,传统的三价流感疫苗诱导有效保护的能力有限或缺失。因此,2012年,WHO推荐流感疫苗组分由三价抗原改为四价抗原,即增加另一个谱系的B型抗原。四价流感疫苗(quadrivalent influenza vaccine,QIV)有助于解决预测流行B谱系毒株和选择B型流感疫苗成分的困难,从而间接提高疫苗的保护效力。当前,国内外已有多个厂家的QIV上市,按照疫苗制备技术路线主要分为灭活鸡胚/MDCK细胞基质QIV、鸡胚减毒QIV、基因重组血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)QIV。本文就不同技术路线的QIV研发及应用进展作一综述,以期为流感防控及流感疫苗研发及应用提供参考。Influenza is a global infectious disease caused by influenza virus with universal susceptibility in humans.Influenza viruses are classified as types A,B,C and D according to the differences in nucleoprotein(NP) and matrix protein,among which types A and B mainly cause infections in humans. In most influenza seasons,influenza A virus causes the majority of influenza cases,which is considered to pose a greater risk of causing an influenza pandemic.However,influenza B virus also causes a huge public health burden,especially in high-risk groups such as children and the elderly. In addition,since the influenza season from 2001 to 2002,two lineages of influenza B,B/Victoria and B/Yamagata,have changed from alternating epidemics into co-epidemics. When the antigen components of influenza B vaccine are not matched to those of the epidemic strains,the ability of traditional trivalent influenza vaccine in inducing effective protection is limited or in lack. Therefore,in 2012,WHO recommended the substitution of quadrivalent antigen for trivalent antigen as the influenza vaccine component,that is introduction of type B antigen of another lineage.Quadrivalent influenza vaccine(QIV) is helpful to overcoming difficulties in predicting circulating B lineage strains and selecting the components of influenza B vaccines,thereby indirectly improving protective efficacy of the vaccine. At present,QIV from various manufacturers at home and abroad have been marketed,which are mainly classified as inactivated egg/MDCK cells-based vaccine,live attenuated egg-based vaccine and genetic recombinant hemagglutinin(HA)vaccine according to the technical routes of vaccine preparation. This paper reviews the progress in development and application of QIV by various technical routes,in view to providing a reference for the prevention and control of influenza as well as development and application of influenza vaccines.

关 键 词：流感病毒 B型流感病毒 四价流感疫苗 鸡胚 MDCK细胞 基因重组 

分 类 号：R186.3[医药卫生—流行病学]