利用Excel制作临床教学实验数据频数表和直方图及其正态性检验  

Use Excel to make clinical teaching experiment data frequency tables and histograms and normality test

作　　者：陈波[1] 黄海樱[1] 周强[1] 冀天星[1] 林桢[1] 陈靖楠 Chen Bo;Huang Haiying;Zhou Qiang;Ji Tianxing;Lin Zhen;Chen Jingnan(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510260,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属第二医院,广东广州510260

出　　处：《中华临床实验室管理电子杂志》2022年第1期23-28,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Management(Electronic Edition）

基　　金：广东省临床教学基地教学改革研究项目(2017JD103);广州市教育科学规划课题项目2018年度课题(201811600);广州市教育科学规划课题项目2019年度课题(201911955)。

摘　　要：目的应用Excel实现对临床教学实验数据的自动统计描述、频数分布表及直方图绘制、正态性检验分析。方法利用Excel的函数(COUNT、MIN、MIX、AVERAGE、STDEV、ROUND、KURT、SKEW、TDIST、PERCENTILE、IF、COUNTIF和NORMDIST等)和自设公式进行数据常用统计方法和处理,利用簇状柱形图和平滑线散点图来绘制数据的直方图和标准化概率分布曲线图。结果统计描述输出参数为:例数、最小值、最大值、均值、标准差、变异系数、极差、分组数和组差等常见统计参数,而且增加对直方图描述峰度、偏度、σg_(峰度)、σg_(偏度)、u_(峰度)、u_(偏度)、P_(峰度)、P_(偏斜度)、判断、众数、P_(25)和P_(75)。频数表可实现自动计算分组、频数、频数百分数、累积数和累积百分数,并制作直方图和标准化概率分布曲线图。结论Excel能替代手工处理数据,实现自动统计描述、频数分布表及直方图绘制、正态性检验分析,简化了繁琐统计操作程序,提高效率,省时省力,能够满足迅速和方便的数据统计要求。Objective Application of Excel 2007 to realize automatic statistical description,frequency distribution table and histogram drawing,normal test and analysis of clinical teaching experiment data.Methods Make use of Excel functions(COUNT,MIN,MIX,business,STDEV,ROUND,KURT,SKEW,TDIST,the PERCENTILE,the IF,COUNTIF and NORMDIST,etc.)and self-set formulas to conduct common statistical methods and data processing.Histogram of data and normalized probability distribution curve are drawn by clustering histogram and smooth line scatter graph.Results The output parameters of statistical description as follows:the number of cases,minimum,maximum,mean,standard deviation,coefficient of variation,range,the number of clusters and groups difference such as common statistical parameters,but also increase the histogram to describe kurtosis,skewness,σgkurtosis,σgskewness and ukurtosis,uskewness,P_(kurtosis),P_(skewness),judgment,mode,P_(25) and P_(75).Frequency table can automatically calculate group,frequency,frequency percentage,cumulative number and cumulative percentage,and make histogram and standardized probability distribution graph.Conclusions Excel can replace manual data processing,realize automatic statistical description,frequency distribution table and histograms drawing,normal test analysis.It also simplifies the complicated statistical procedures,improves efficiency and save time and effort.Thus,Excel can meet the rapid and convenient data statistics requirements.

关 键 词：统计数据 计算机制图 正态分布 

分 类 号：R197.32[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]