考虑气象和地理因素的电网传输特性计算及灵敏度分析  

Calculation of Power Grid Transmission Characteristics and Sensitivity Analysis Considering Meteorological and Geographic Factors

作　　者：贾学勇 董晓明 孙宏文 王亚松 陈凡 JIA Xueyong;DONG Xiaoming;SUN Hongwen;WANG Yasong;CHEN Fan(Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control,Ministry of Education(Shandong University),Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]电网智能化调度与控制教育部重点实验室(山东大学),山东省济南市250061

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2022年第21期106-115,共10页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2020ME195)。

摘　　要：针对气象和地理因素对电网功率传输特性的影响,提出了有效的分析模型与算法。首先,将输电线路热平衡方程与常规潮流方程联立,把架空输电线路周围的气象和地理信息以变量形式引入潮流计算,推导拓展雅可比矩阵以及牛顿迭代格式,构建了考虑环境因素的电热耦合统一潮流模型及其求解算法。然后,对比分析了风速、海拔高度和环境温度的差异对线路电阻、温度、有功和无功损耗的影响程度。算例表明环境因素的变化影响了架空导体的电热平衡,改变了线路阻值,从而对电网潮流分布、有功和无功损耗产生显著影响。依托中国新疆维吾尔自治区14个位置的温度数据,利用Pearson相关系数衡量不同位置日平均温度的时空关联特性,分析了不同季节下电网功率传输特性的变化及差异。最后,基于改进的潮流模型中的拓展雅可比矩阵,提出计及环境因素的V-Q灵敏度分析方法,并与传统模型在不同情景下进行了算例对比分析。结果表明,传统模型因忽略线路温度和电阻受电热平衡的影响,使得环境因素的变化会引入一定误差,且在重负荷情况下会有扩大的趋势,改进模型将有效减少误差的产生。Aiming at the influence of meteorological and geographic factors on power transmission characteristics of power grids,the effective analysis model and algorithm are proposed.Firstly,the heat balance equation of the transmission line is combined with the conventional power flow equation,and the meteorological and geographic information around the overhead transmission line is introduced into the power flow calculation as variables.The extended Jacobian matrix and Newton iterative format are derived,and an unified power flow model for electric and thermal coupling and its solving algorithm considering environmental factors are established.Secondly,the influence degree of the difference of wind speed,altitude and environment temperature on line resistance,temperature,active power and reactive power losses is comparatively analyzed.The case studies show that environmental factors affect the electric and thermal balance of overhead conductors and change the line resistance,which has a significant influence on the power flow distribution,active and reactive power losses.Based on the temperature data of 14 locations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,the temporal and spatial correlation characteristics of daily average temperature at different locations are measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient,and the changes and differences of power transmission characteristics of power grids in different seasons are analyzed.Finally,based on the extended Jacobian matrix of the improved power flow model,a V-Q sensitivity analysis method considering environmental factors is proposed,compared and analyzed with the traditional model in different scenarios.The results show that the traditional model neglects the influence of the line temperature and resistance on the electrothermal balance,which leads to some errors due to the change of environmental factors.Moreover,the errors has a tendency to further expand under heavy load conditions,and the improved model effectively reduces the errors.

关 键 词：环境因素 热平衡方程 拓展雅可比矩阵 功率传输特性 V-Q灵敏度 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]