近代报刊与晚清女性议题的“公共化”——以《万国公报》《时务报》为中心的考察  

Modern Newspapers and the “Publicization” of Women’s Issue in Late Qing Dynasty——A study centered on “The Globe Magazine” and “The Chinese Progress”

作　　者：周怡靓 ZHOU Yiliang(School of Journalism and Communication,Shanghai University)

机构地区：[1]上海大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2022年第8期146-163,共18页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“百年中国新闻史史料整理与研究”(项目编号:15ZDB140)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：晚清对于中国女性解放来说,具有重要的开端意义,变革首先发生在公共话语领域,中国传统女性从“隐匿”到“现身”,而近代报刊作为一种外部力量推动了这一转变。《万国公报》所代表的西方现代报刊,让女性得以从封闭的文化和道德的逻辑链条中跳出,在“中西之别”的尺度上获得了“可见性”,并以“他者”的视野完成了中国女性的“问题化”过程。《时务报》所代表的国人自办报刊则在此基础上,进一步完成了改造女性的“合法化”过程,在国族建构而非在身体经验的层面来论述改造的必要性。这并非是一种历史局限,一定程度上是一种策略性选择。维新士人们秉持着“报为国口”的理念,认为报刊的言说主要是向国,所以只有在“国族建构”的层面获得意义,女性问题才得以在面向当政者言说的报刊版面中占据重要位置。于是,解放女性的理由,从传教士报刊中的女性个体权益,被置换成了维新报刊中的国家利益。不同的报刊以其相异的实践方式,参与有关女性的公共言说,并共同影响了女性在公共话语领域的现身方式。报刊成为开启中国妇女解放运动进程的重要动力机制之一。The late Qing Dynasty was the beginning of Chinese Women’s Liberation. Changes first occurred in the field of discourse, where Chinese traditional women became “visible” at this time, modern newspapers and periodicals, as an external force, created this kind of “visibility”. The Globe Magazine and the western newspapers it represents enable women to get out of the closed logical chain of culture and morality, and problematize Chinese women from the perspective of “the difference between China and the west”, On this basis, The Chinese Progress and newspapers owned by Chinese completed the process of “legalization” of remoulding women, and explained the necessity from the perspective of “national interest” rather than physical health. This kind of explanation is more like a strategy than a historical limitation. The reformers holded that “newspaper is the mouth of the country”, and the utterance of newspapers is mainly towards the country and the emperor, so only be discussed under the background of “national construction” can women’s issues occupy an important position in newspapers facing the politicians. Therefore, the reason to “release women” became “national interest”in The Chinese Progress instead of the “individual rights” of women in the The Globe Magazine.Different newspapers with different ways of practice, involved in the public speech about women, and together affect the way women appear in the field of public discourse. Newspapers have become one of the important driving forces for the process of Chinese Women’s Liberation Movement.

关 键 词：晚清妇女解放 《万国公报》 《时务报》 公共领域 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] G219.29[历史地理—中国史]