论《聊斋志异》的文士治生生态  

A Probe into the Social Ecology of Scholars’ Making a Living in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio

作　　者：徐永斌[1] Xu Yongbin(the Institute of Literature,Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院文学研究所,210004

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2022年第5期204-216,共13页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重点项目“文士治生视域下明清小说编创和出版研究”项目编号:20AZW011阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《聊斋志异》中的一些篇章描写到文士治生,主要集中在处馆、佣书、书画、经商几个领域。《聊斋志异》对文士治生的摹写,反映了清代文士治生的社会现实;元代许衡的“为学者治生最为先务”治生思想及其后受其影响的明清文人的治生理念,为文人治生提供了理论基础,也反映了下层文士艰难的生活状态。蒲父和松龄父子自身的治生生涯,使他对文士治生这种社会现象有所关注,并在其文学作品中对下层文士治生生态有所反映。蒲松龄的治生实践为《聊斋志异》注入了新内涵。Pu Songling recounted how ancient scholars made a living in his Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, and the means fell into the following categories: home school tutoring, copying books, making paintings and calligraphic works, and doing business. These practices reflected the social reality of the scholars’ life in the Qing Dynasty. The idea behind these practices in the Qing Dynasty was influenced by Xu Heng’s claim that “the primary task of a scholar is to make a living” in the Yuan Dynasty, and the idea underlay the scholars’ practice of making a living in the Ming-Qing dynasties while the need to make a living also reflected the difficult living conditions of the lower class scholars. Pu Songling and his father’s practice of making a living prompted him to pay attention to the social phenomenon and recounted how scholars’ made a living and what social ecology the low-class scholars were confronted, while Pu’s own practice of making a living allowed him to imbue the stories with some unique nuances.

关 键 词：蒲松龄 《聊斋志异》 治生思想 文士治生生态 社会现实 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]